Table_1_A Detailed Spatial Expression Analysis of Wing Phenotypes Reveals Novel Patterns of Odorant Binding Proteins in the Soybean Aphid, Aphis glycines.docx

The wide range of insect niches has led to a rapid expansion of chemosensory gene families as well as their relatively independent evolution and a high variation. Previous studies have revealed some functions for odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) in processes beyond olfaction, such as gustation and reproduction. In this study, a comparative transcriptomic analysis strategy was applied for the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, focusing on various functional tissues and organs of winged aphids, including the antenna, head, leg, wing, thorax, cauda, and cornicle. Detailed spatial OBP expression patterns in winged and wingless parthenogenetic aphids were detected by RT-qPCR. Twelve OBPs were identified, and three new OBPs in A. glycines are first reported. All OBPs showed comparatively higher expression in sensory organs and tissues, such as the antenna, head, or leg. Additionally, we found some novel expression patterns for aphid OBPs (Beckendorf et al., 2008). Five OBPs exhibited high-expression levels in the cauda and four in the cornicle (Biasio et al., 2015). Three genes (OBP2/3/15) were highly expressed in the wing (Calvello et al., 2003). Two (OBP3/15) were significantly more highly expressed in the wingless thorax than in the winged thorax with the wings removed, and these transcripts were significantly enriched in the removed wings. More details regarding OBP spatial expression were revealed under our strategy. These findings supported the existence of carrier transport functions other than for foreign chemicals and therefore broader ligand ranges of aphid OBPs. It is important for understanding how insect OBPs function in chemical perception as well as their other potential physiological functions.

昆虫生态位的广泛多样性，促使其化学感受基因家族发生快速扩张，同时伴随该家族相对独立的演化历程与高度的序列变异。此前的研究已揭示，气味结合蛋白（odorant-binding proteins, OBPs）不仅参与嗅觉过程，还在味觉、生殖等生理进程中发挥功能。本研究以大豆蚜（Aphis glycines）为研究对象，采用比较转录组学分析策略，重点关注有翅型大豆蚜的各类功能组织与器官，包括触角、头部、足、翅、胸部、尾片和腹管。本研究通过实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR），检测了有翅型与无翅型孤雌生殖大豆蚜体内OBP的空间表达谱细节。本研究共鉴定出12个OBP基因，其中3个为大豆蚜中首次报道的新OBP。所有OBP均在触角、头部、足等感官组织与器官中呈现相对较高的表达水平。此外，本研究还发现了蚜虫OBP的若干全新表达模式（Beckendorf等人，2008）。有5个OBP在尾片中高表达，另有4个OBP在腹管中高表达（Biasio等人，2015）。3个基因（OBP2、OBP3、OBP15）在翅组织中呈现高表达（Calvello等人，2003）。有2个OBP（OBP3、OBP15）在无翅型胸部的表达量显著高于去除翅膀后的有翅型胸部，且这两个基因的转录本在被切除的翅膀中显著富集。本研究的分析策略进一步揭示了OBP空间表达的更多细节。本研究结果证实，蚜虫OBP除了具备外源化学物质的载体转运功能外，还可能拥有更为广泛的配体结合谱。该研究结果对于阐明昆虫OBP在化学感受中的作用机制，以及其潜在的其他生理功能具有重要意义。