Table_1_Transcriptomic Signature Differences Between SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus Infected Patients.docx

The reason why most individuals with COVID-19 have relatively limited symptoms while other develop respiratory distress with life-threatening complications remains unknown. Increasing evidence suggests that COVID-19 associated adverse outcomes mainly rely on dysregulated immunity. Here, we compared transcriptomic profiles of blood cells from 103 patients with different severity levels of COVID-19 with that of 27 healthy and 22 influenza-infected individuals. Data provided a complete overview of SARS-CoV-2-induced immune signature, including a dramatic defect in IFN responses, a reduction of toxicity-related molecules in NK cells, an increased degranulation of neutrophils, a dysregulation of T cells, a dramatic increase in B cell function and immunoglobulin production, as well as an important over-expression of genes involved in metabolism and cell cycle in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to those infected with influenza viruses. These features also differed according to COVID-19 severity. Overall and specific gene expression patterns across groups can be visualized on an interactive website (https://bix.unil.ch/covid/). Collectively, these transcriptomic host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection are discussed in the context of current studies, thereby improving our understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis and shaping the severity level of COVID-19.

绝大多数新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）患者仅表现出相对轻微的症状，而部分感染者会进展为伴有致死性并发症的呼吸窘迫，其潜在机制至今尚未阐明。越来越多的研究证据表明，新冠相关不良预后主要源于免疫失调。本研究对103例不同严重程度新冠患者的血细胞转录组谱进行了分析，并以27名健康志愿者及22名流感感染者作为对照。本数据集完整呈现了严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）感染诱导的免疫特征谱，包括干扰素（IFN）应答的显著缺陷、自然杀伤细胞（NK）毒性相关分子表达水平降低、中性粒细胞脱颗粒作用增强、T细胞稳态失调、B细胞功能与免疫球蛋白生成显著上调，以及代谢和细胞周期相关基因的过度表达；相较于流感病毒感染者，新冠患者的上述特征差异尤为显著。这些免疫特征还随新冠疾病严重程度的不同而呈现显著差异。研究团队搭建了交互式可视化网站（https://bix.unil.ch/covid/），可直观展示各组样本的整体及特异性基因表达模式。本研究结合当前领域内相关研究，对宿主针对SARS-CoV-2感染的转录组应答特征进行了系统性探讨，有助于加深我们对新冠发病机制的理解，并为阐明新冠疾病严重程度的决定因素提供了新的科学依据。