Morphological and genetic data for Phragmites australis along the Colorado River and in tributaries from southern Utah to west-central Arizona

These data were compiled to provide land-management relevant information on the native and nonnative subspecies (subsp.) of Phragmites australis (subsp. americanus and subsp. australis, respectively) in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (NRA), Grand Canyon National Park (NP), Arches National Park, and Bill Williams National Wildlife Refuge. Specifically, the goals of this work were to determine the extent and distribution of Phragmites australis subspecies in the Glen and Grand Canyon regions, evaluate if P.a. subsp. americanus can be reliably distinguished from P.a. subsp. australis using morphological characters in this region, and determine if P.a. subsp. americanus exhibits genetic structure in the study area. The objectives of our study were to determine how prevalent the nonnative Phragmites is in the study area and support native plant material development for restoration activities in Glen Canyon NRA and Grand Canyon NP. These data represent real-time PCR cycle threshold values (Ct scores) for two target regions, nuclear microsatellite data for seven loci, and morphological data. These data were collected for 84 sites including five nonnative Phragmites locations and 79 native Phragmites locations. Tissue samples were mostly collected along the Colorado River between Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Mead, around Lake Powell, and in tributaries to the Colorado River from 2021 through 2024. Tissue samples and herbarium collections were collected from one to fifteen ramets across each stand, where multiple samples from one stand were spread across its full area. Reference samples for both the native and nonnative Phragmites, Phragmites australis subsp. berlandieri, and a hybrid of P.a. australis and P.a. americanus were acquired and included in analyses. Samples were dried and total genomic DNA was extracted using Qiagen DNeasy Plant MiniKits. Real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with two target regions, AMER and AMAU, were used to identify nonnative Phragmites individuals (Lindsay et al, 2023). We then amplified 7 microsatellite loci (Saltonstall, 2003; Meyerson and others, 2010) using PCR and analyzed the fragments on an ABI 3730XL Genetic Analyzer with GeneScan LIZ500 internal size standard. Although P. australis is polyploid, these loci all had no more than two alleles, so were treated as diploid data. We then collected field and lab data on morphological characters for the stands we genetically tested, following previously described diagnostic characters (Swearington and Saltonstall, 2012; McTavish et al, 2023) These data can be used to evaluate if a stand of Phragmites is nonnative, native, or a hybrid of the two. It can also be used to determine genetic diversity and structure across the sampled stands. Finally, they can be used to assess morphological variability in native Phragmites stands across the region.

Lindsay, D.L., Guan, X., Harms, N.E., Cronin, J.T., Meyerson, L.A., and Lance, R.F., 2023, DNA assays for genetic discrimination of three Phragmites australis subspecies in the United States: Applications in Plant Sciences, v. 11, no. 2, p. e11512, https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aps3.11512.

Saltonstall, K., 2003, Microsatellite variation within and among North American lineages of Phragmites australis: Molecular Ecology, v. 12, no. 7, p. 1689-1702, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01849.x.

Meyerson, L.A., Viola, D.V., and Brown, R.N., 2010, Hybridization of invasive Phragmites australis with a native subspecies in North America: Biological Invasions, v. 12, no. 1, p. 103-111, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-009-9434-3

Swearington, J., and Saltonstall, K., 2012, Phragmites field guide: distinguishing native and exotic forms of the common reed (Phragmites australis) in the United States, in Tilley, D., ed.: Boise, Idaho, USDA - Natural Resources Conservation Service.

McTavish, M.J., Smith, T., Mechanda, S., Smith, S.M., and Bourchier, R.S., 2023, Morphological traits for rapid and simple separation of native and introduced common reed (Phragmites australis): Invasive Plant Science and Management, v. 16, no. 2, p. 110-118, https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/47377F16AD751AD37DE80D6CAF0C2642.

本数据集汇编旨在为格伦峡谷国家游乐区（Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, NRA）、大峡谷国家公园（Grand Canyon National Park, NP）、拱门国家公园以及比尔·威廉姆斯国家野生动物保护区内的本土与外来普通芦苇（Phragmites australis）亚种——分别为美洲芦苇亚种（subsp. americanus）与澳洲芦苇亚种（subsp. australis）——提供与土地管理相关的信息。

具体而言，本研究的目标包括：明确格伦峡谷与大峡谷区域内普通芦苇亚种的分布范围与覆盖程度；评估本区域内是否可通过形态特征可靠区分美洲芦苇亚种与澳洲芦苇亚种；以及探明美洲芦苇亚种在研究区域内是否存在遗传结构。

本研究的目的则为：明确研究区域内外来芦苇的占比情况，并为格伦峡谷国家游乐区与大峡谷国家公园的植被修复活动提供本土植物材料开发的相关支持。

本数据集包含两类靶标区域的实时荧光定量PCR（real-time PCR）循环阈值（Ct值）、7个位点的核微卫星（microsatellite）数据，以及形态学数据。数据采集覆盖84个样点，其中包含5个外来芦苇样点与79个本土芦苇样点。

组织样本的采集时间为2021年至2024年，采样区域主要集中在格伦峡谷大坝至米德湖之间的科罗拉多河沿岸、鲍威尔湖周边以及科罗拉多河的支流区域。本研究从每个芦苇群落的1至15个分株（ramet）上采集组织样本与标本馆标本，且单个群落的多个采样点均匀分布于其全区域范围内。

研究还获取了本土与外来芦苇、贝氏芦苇亚种（Phragmites australis subsp. berlandieri）以及澳洲芦苇亚种与美洲芦苇亚种的杂交种作为对照样本，并将其纳入分析流程。所有样本均经干燥处理，总基因组DNA采用凯杰（Qiagen）DNeasy植物微量基因组提取试剂盒完成提取。

针对AMER与AMAU两个靶标区域开展实时聚合酶链式反应（PCR），以此鉴定外来芦苇个体（Lindsay等，2023）。随后采用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增7个微卫星位点（Saltonstall, 2003；Meyerson等，2010），并将扩增片段在ABI 3730XL基因分析仪上进行分析，所用内标分子量标准为GeneScan LIZ500。尽管普通芦苇为多倍体物种，但本次分析所选用的位点均仅存在不超过2个等位基因（alleles），因此将其作为二倍体数据进行处理。

随后，依据已发表的形态鉴定特征（Swearington与Saltonstall, 2012；McTavish等，2023），针对完成遗传检测的芦苇群落采集野外与实验室形态学数据。本数据集可用于评估某一芦苇群落属于外来型、本土型还是二者的杂交型；亦可用于分析采样群落的遗传多样性与遗传结构；最终还可用于评估区域内本土芦苇群落的形态变异情况。

Lindsay, D.L., Guan, X., Harms, N.E., Cronin, J.T., Meyerson, L.A. 及 Lance, R.F., 2023, 美国境内三种普通芦苇亚种的遗传鉴定DNA检测方法：《植物科学应用》（*Applications in Plant Sciences*），第11卷第2期，e11512页，https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aps3.11512.

Saltonstall, K., 2003, 北美普通芦苇谱系内及谱系间的微卫星变异：《分子生态学》（*Molecular Ecology*），第12卷第7期，1689-1702页，https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01849.x.

Meyerson, L.A., Viola, D.V. 及 Brown, R.N., 2010, 北美入侵性普通芦苇与本土亚种的杂交现象：《生物入侵》（*Biological Invasions*），第12卷第1期，103-111页，https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-009-9434-3

Swearington, J. 及 Saltonstall, K., 2012, 《芦苇野外指南：美国境内本土与外来普通芦苇（Phragmites australis）的区分》，收录于Tilley, D.主编：爱达荷州博伊西市，美国农业部自然资源保护局。

McTavish, M.J., Smith, T., Mechanda, S., Smith, S.M. 及 Bourchier, R.S., 2023, 快速简便区分本土与引入普通芦苇（Phragmites australis）的形态性状：《入侵植物科学与管理》（*Invasive Plant Science and Management*），第16卷第2期，110-118页，https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/47377F16AD751AD37DE80D6CAF0C2642.