Sex mortality differentials in São Paulo in 2005 and 2016: contribution of age groups and main causes of death

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze the sex mortality differential in the city of São Paulo, in 2005 and 2015, by analyzing the differential levels and patterns as well as the contribution of different age groups and the main causes of death. The calculated indicators were the differential in life expectancy at birth, the sex ratio between specific mortality rates and the contribution of age groups and causes of death to the differential. The results show that the greater gain of men in life expectancy at birth contributed to the reduction of 1.30 years in the differential between the two years studied. Moreover, despite the high sex ratios among youth-specific mortality rates, older people contributed most to explaining the female advantage in mortality. Finally, circulatory diseases, neoplasms and external causes were responsible for the major contributions to the differential. However, the analysis of the pattern of causes of death together with the age pattern shows that for the elderly, whose contribution is greater to the differential, circulatory diseases, neoplasms and respiratory diseases were more decisive in the formation of the differential.摘要 本研究旨在通过分析差异水平与模式、不同年龄组及主要死亡原因的贡献度，探究2005年与2015年圣保罗市的性别死亡差异。本次研究计算的指标包括出生时预期寿命差异、特定死亡率性别比，以及年龄组与死亡原因对死亡差异的贡献度。研究结果显示，男性出生预期寿命的更大增幅，使得本研究涉及的两年间性别死亡差异缩小了1.30年。此外，尽管青年群体的特定死亡率性别比较高，但老年群体是解释女性死亡优势的最主要因素。最终，循环系统疾病、肿瘤与外部死因是构成死亡差异的主要贡献因素。不过，结合死亡原因模式与年龄结构的分析表明，在对死亡差异贡献更大的老年群体中，循环系统疾病、肿瘤与呼吸系统疾病才是构成该差异的更关键因素。