Transitions in the two-pathogen stochastic models.

The prevalence of uninfected host is J∅, the prevalence of each class of singly infected hosts is Ji (for i∈[1,2]), and the prevalence of coinfected host is J1,2. The net force of infection of pathogen i is Fi = βiIi/N = βi(Ji+J1,2)/N (note the scaling by the population size N relative to the forces of infection as used in the deterministic version of the model). To ensure a constant host population size, we have made the simplifying assumption that removal and replacement occur simultaneously; this has no effect on our qualitative results.未感染宿主的流行率为J∅，单感染宿主各分类的流行率为J_i（其中i∈[1,2]），共感染宿主的流行率为J_{1,2}。病原体i的净感染力为F_i = β_i I_i / N = β_i(J_i + J_{1,2})/N（请注意：相较于该模型确定性版本中所用的感染力，此处需依据种群规模N进行标度）。为确保宿主种群规模恒定，我们采用了移除与补充同步发生的简化假设，该假设不会对本研究的定性结果产生影响。