Desempenho Comparativo entre Países Exportadores de Pescado no Comércio Internacional: Brasil eficiente?

The international trade of seafood has been expanding in the last decades, once it is pointed as of ample competition. As a way of understanding the dynamics of this trade, the objective of this research is to characterize the historical performance of seafood exporting countries in the international market, emphasizing Brazil, as well as verifying which countries foreign trade serves as a strategy of economic growth for the fishing sector and aquaculture. A performance matrix was elaborated according to the values and the trend in the historical series measured by the indices of comparative advantage revealed (IVCR) and relative position (IPR). It was verified that the efficiency of the dynamics of international trade of seafood is due to developed countries to the commercialization of fish mainly among them. In the case of Brazil, the performance was inefficient and decreasing, since fish is not an important factor in Brazilian exports as a whole, as well as the sale of the product to the foreign market is unskillful. Thus, the Brazilian seafood is not serving as a strategy of economic growth for the fishing and aquaculture sector, using international and domestic trade.

近数十年来，海产品国际贸易规模持续扩张，且该领域素来以竞争激烈著称。为厘清该贸易的运行动态，本研究旨在刻画全球海产品出口国在国际市场中的历史表现（重点聚焦巴西），同时验证哪些国家的对外贸易可作为其渔业与水产养殖部门实现经济增长的战略路径。本研究基于显示性比较优势指数（Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, IVCR）与相对位置指数（Relative Position Index, IPR）测算的历史序列数值及变动趋势，构建了海产品出口表现评价矩阵。经研究证实，海产品国际贸易的高效运转主要依靠发达国家之间的鱼类产品商贸往来。就巴西而言，其海产品出口表现低效且呈下滑趋势，原因在于鱼类产品整体上并非巴西出口的核心品类，且该国的海外市场销售运营能力欠佳。因此，依托国内外贸易的巴西海产品未能成为其渔业与水产养殖部门实现经济增长的战略支撑。