<b>Effects of Race Distance on Physiological Demands, Walking Economy, and Disqualification Rates in Competitive Racewalking: Review with Meta-Analytic Synthesis</b>

Abstract Background: World Athletics' transition from the 20 km and 50 km formats to the half-marathon (21.0975 km) and marathon (42.195 km) as standard championship distances from January 2026 requires an evidence-based physiological framework to guide athlete and coach preparation. Purpose: To synthesise the published literature on the effects of race distance on (1) the percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (%V̇O₂max) at race pace, (2) walking economy, (3) disqualification (DQ) rate, and (4) post-race creatine kinase (CK) in male competitive racewalkers, and to provide evidence-based projections for the new marathon-distance championship.摘要 背景：世界田径（World Athletics）自2026年1月起，将竞走项目的标准锦标赛赛事距离从20公里、50公里调整为半程马拉松（21.0975公里）与马拉松（42.195公里）。该变革亟需构建一套循证生理学框架，以指导竞技竞走运动员与教练员的备赛工作。 研究目的：本研究旨在综合已发表的相关文献，分析赛事距离对男子竞技竞走运动员的四项影响：（1）赛配速下的最大摄氧量百分比（%V̇O₂max）；（2）步行经济性（walking economy）；（3）取消比赛资格（DQ，disqualification）率；（4）赛后肌酸激酶（CK，creatine kinase）水平；同时为新增的马拉松距离锦标赛提供循证预测依据。