Relationship between average leaf damage and the total density of herbivore groups.

Spearman rank correlation; data were obtained in May and July and across all sites (n = 48). The correlation between Rhynchaenus fagi (R. fagi) and leaf damage was restricted to the study region ALB (n = 16). Significance levels: ns (not significant), * (p < 0.05), and *** (p < 0.001). Relationship between average leaf damage and the total density of herbivore groups.斯皮尔曼等级相关系数（Spearman rank correlation）分析所用数据采集于5月与7月，覆盖全部样地，总样本量为48。山毛榉卷象（Rhynchaenus fagi，简称R. fagi）与叶片受害程度之间的相关性仅在研究区域ALB中存在，该区域样本量为16。显著性标注规则如下：ns表示无统计学显著性（not significant），*代表p<0.05，***代表p<0.001。植食性昆虫类群总密度与平均叶片受害程度的相关性。