SafeNet D2.2 Maps of European forest carbon

European forest carbon maps (Mg C ha-1, 100 m x 100 m, for 2020) – aboveground carbon (AGC), belowground carbon (BGC), soil organic carbon (SOC) and total carbon. This dataset contains four harmonised raster layers for forest carbon density across Europe for the year 2020. Developed within the SafeNet project (Deliverable D2.2/5 T2.2). File descriptions: Aboveground biomass carbon (AGC) (Mg C ha-1): derived from the PathFinder (Miettinen et al., 2025) forest biomass map plus climate- (Beck et al., 2023) and phylogeny specific carbon fractions (Martin et al., 2018) Belowground biomass carbon (BGC) (Mg C ha-1): modelled from PathFinder aboveground biomass using global allometric relationships (Reich et al., 2014) and converted to carbon using the same wood-carbon fractions as AGC, and information on forest regenerative origin (Bourgoin et al., 2026). Soil organic carbon (SOC) (Mg C ha-1): calculated from HoliSoils data (Calisto et al., 2023) on soil organic carbon content, bulk density and coarse fragments (0-30 cm), and PEATGRIDS estimates of peat soil carbon (Widyastuti et al., 2024). Total carbon (C) (Mg C ha-1): the sum of AGC + BGC + SOC for each 100 m pixel. Spatial coverage:All forest pixels within the SafeNet project area where required inputs were available. The dataset follows the spatial extent of the PathFinder products, which do not include western Russia. The SOC and Total carbon layers cover 24% fewer forest pixels than the biomass products due to the restricted spatial extent of the input soil data. We intentionally avoided interpolation across these areas to maintain transparency. Methods:All layers were resampled, aligned, and harmonised a 100 m grid (original PathFinder datasets are 10 m resolution). Calculations were conducted in R (version 4.5.2) and Google Earth Engine. Full methods are provided in the accompanying SafeNet deliverable report. Intended use:These layers provide a transparent and reproducible baseline for evaluating forest carbon stocks, supporting modelling activities, conservation prioritisation, ecosystem service assessment, climate mitigation planning and further analyses within SafeNet.2020年欧洲森林碳分布图（分辨率：100 m × 100 m，单位：Mg C ha⁻¹）——涵盖地上碳（aboveground carbon, AGC）、地下碳（belowground carbon, BGC）、土壤有机碳（soil organic carbon, SOC）及总碳。 本数据集包含2020年欧洲全域森林碳密度的4个协调统一栅格图层，由SafeNet项目研发（交付件编号：D2.2/5 T2.2）。 图层说明： 1. 地上生物量碳（AGC）：基于PathFinder（Miettinen等，2025）森林生物量地图，结合气候特异性碳组分（Beck等，2023）与系统发育特异性碳组分（Martin等，2018）生成。 2. 地下生物量碳（BGC）：通过全球异速生长关系（Reich等，2014）由PathFinder地上生物量建模得到，采用与AGC一致的木质碳组分，并结合森林更新起源信息（Bourgoin等，2026）转换为碳储量。 3. 土壤有机碳（SOC）：基于HoliSoils数据集（Calisto等，2023）的土壤有机碳含量、容重及0-30 cm土层粗碎屑组分，结合PEATGRIDS的泥炭土碳储量估算结果（Widyastuti等，2024）计算得到。 4. 总碳（C）：为每个100 m像素的AGC、BGC与SOC三者之和。 空间覆盖范围：SafeNet项目区内所有可获取所需输入数据的森林像素。本数据集沿用PathFinder产品的空间范围，未包含俄罗斯西部区域。由于输入土壤数据的空间限制，SOC与总碳图层的森林像素数量较生物量图层少24%。为保证数据透明度，未对这些区域进行插值处理。 处理方法：所有图层均经过重采样、空间对齐并协调至100 m网格（原始PathFinder数据集分辨率为10 m）。计算工作在R（版本4.5.2）与Google Earth Engine中完成，完整技术方法详见配套的SafeNet项目交付件报告。 预期用途：本系列图层可为森林碳储量评估提供透明且可复现的基准数据，支持建模活动、保护优先级划分、生态系统服务评估、气候减缓规划及SafeNet项目内的其他相关分析。