RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TRANSLATION AND ADAPTATION AND BLACK IDENTITY VARIATION IN UNCLE TOM'S CABIN, BY HARRIET BEECHER STOWE

ABSTRACT This article aims to discuss the limits between translation and adaptation of literature. With such purpose in mind, we have developed a reflection built upon the comparison between one translation and two adaptations of Uncle Tom's Cabin (A Cabana do Pai Tomás), by Harriet Beecher Stowe into Brazilian Portuguese. We have kept in sight a range of criteria - such as when these pieces were published and what is the declared ideology of the publishing houses involved - and analyzed some problematic excerpts, expecting that some sort of resolution was presented by the translator or adaptor. It became clear, with such proceedings, that the limits between translation and adaptation are not so obvious or absolutely clear-cut. We have also analyzed passages that expose how each piece portrayed black characters, and, therefore, black identity. We wonder if there is a correlation between translation or adaptation and such racial portraits or whether this construct is more distinctively related to other elements. We observed a solid relationship between identity and historical context and ideology, rather than a relationship between identity and the kind of text published. This confirms the importance of elements external to the text itself in our corpus and the fragility underling the opposition that traditionally separates translation from adaptation.

摘要 本文旨在探讨文学翻译与改编的边界。为此，我们基于哈丽雅特·比彻·斯托（Harriet Beecher Stowe）所著《汤姆叔叔的小屋》（*Uncle Tom's Cabin*，其巴西葡萄牙语译名为*A Cabana do Pai Tomás*）的1部译本与2部改编本的对比展开论述。研究过程中，我们综合考量了作品出版时间、涉事出版社公开宣称的意识形态等多项评判标准，并对若干存在争议的节选文本进行分析，以期探寻译者或改编者针对这些争议的处理思路。研究结果表明，翻译与改编之间的边界并非泾渭分明、绝对清晰。此外，我们还分析了各文本中塑造黑人角色、展现黑人身份认同的段落，旨在探究翻译或改编形式与这类种族形象刻画之间是否存在关联，抑或该身份建构更多与其他因素相关。我们发现，黑人身份认同与历史语境、意识形态之间存在紧密关联，而非与文本的出版类型相关。这一结论印证了语料库中文本外部因素的重要性，同时也揭示了传统上划分翻译与改编的对立二分法的脆弱性。