Does the implementation status of gender provisions affect the implementation of a peace agreement? Evidence from Colombia's 2016 peace agreement implementation process

In 2016, the Colombian government and the leftist insurgency group FARC (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo) signed an agreement that ensures women's greater participation in the peace implementation process, their access to benefits from the programs, and their ability to reform initiatives in the agreement. While applauded for adhering to the UNSCR 1325 normative commitments on women's roles in peace processes, it's unclear how adopting a gender perspective affects the entire agreement's implementation success. This article analyzes monthly data on the implementation of 578 stipulations and 70 subthemes (reforms or programs) and evaluates peace implementation from a gender perspective. The findings from the stipulation level analysis reveal an implementation gap between gender and gender-neutral or non-gender provisions. The subtheme level analyses further confirm this finding that gender provisions alone do not contribute to the overall peace implementation success; rather, implementing those provisions is foundational for advancing the overall peace implementation.

2016年，哥伦比亚政府与左翼叛乱组织哥伦比亚革命武装力量－人民军（Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo，简称FARC）签署和平协议，该协议旨在保障女性更广泛地参与和平落实进程、获取相关项目福利，以及参与协议框架内改革举措的制定。尽管该协议因遵循联合国安理会第1325号决议（United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325，简称UNSCR 1325）中关于女性在和平进程中角色的规范性承诺而广受赞誉，但目前仍不清楚纳入性别视角会对整个协议的落实成效产生何种影响。本文针对578项条款与70个子主题（改革举措或项目）的月度落实数据展开系统性分析，并从性别视角评估和平落实工作。条款层面的分析结果显示，性别相关条款与非性别中立或无性别指向条款之间存在显著落实差距。子主题层面的分析进一步印证了这一结论：仅落实性别相关条款并不能提升整体和平落实的成效，相反，落实此类条款乃是推进整体和平落实工作的核心基础。