Structural variation in xylem tissue cells probed by scanning X-ray microscopy

Wood is a fundamental material for our everyday life. The useful properties of wood, such as its lightweight, strength, and durability, come from its unique tissue structure. The xylem tissue consists of fibers, vessels, and ray cells, each serving distinct roles. The organization of wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin) is believed to govern the functionality of each cell type. Still, limited research has been done to characterize the structural differences among these components at high spatial resolution. In this experiment, we will examine 36 wood species using scanning X-ray microscopy to analyze the ultrastructure of xylem tissue cells. We expect to uncover how cellulose and other wall components are organized across different xylem cells and how these structural differences correlate with their functionalities. The outcomes will deepen our understanding of xylem morphogenesis and functionalities and offer insights for designing new cellulose-based materials.