Supplemental data for: Characterising and describing the literature on the impacts of umbilical care on health outcomes and risk factors examined for umbilical health in intensively raised bovines: A scoping review.

Research abstract:The objective of this scoping review was to describe and characterize the existing literature regarding umbilical health and identify current gaps in knowledge. Six databases were searched for relevant primary research. Eligible studies must have examined umbilical health in an intensively raised bovine population. There were 4,250 articles that fit within the search terms and had their title and abstracts screened by two independent reviewers for potential relevance. From these, 724 full text articles were then screened, with 150 articles meeting the review criteria for data extraction. Seventeen were classified as descriptive, 24 were clinical trials, and 109 were analytical observational studies. Umbilical outcomes evaluated in descriptive studies were omphalitis (n = 11), parasitic infections of the umbilicus (n = 5), and umbilical hernias (n = 2). Only one clinical trial (n = 1) examined treatment of navel infections, whereas the remainder evaluated management factors that could be used to prevent a navel health outcome (n = 23), which included umbilical infections (n = 17), navel myasis (n = 3), navel measurements (n = 5), umbilical hernias (n = 1), and umbilical edema (n = 1). Analytical observational studies included studies examining risk factors for umbilical health (n = 60) and studies examining umbilical health itself as a risk factor (n = 60). Studies examining risk factors for umbilical health classified their outcomes as umbilical infections (n= 28), 11 of which were undefined and one which defined as diagnosed by a veterinarian. Umbilical hernias (n=8), two of which were only defined as diagnosed by a veterinarian and one which diagnosed by the herd manager. The remaining umbilical outcomes included scoring the navel sheath/flap size (n = 16), navel myasis (n = 2), and measurements of the umbilicus (n = 6). Studies examining umbilical health as a risk factor defined the umbilical risk factors as umbilical infection (n=39) of which 13 were undefined, umbilical hernias (n=8) of which 4 were undefined (several articles examined both umbilical infections and hernias), navel dipping (n = 12), navel/sheath scores as part of conformation classification for breeding (n = 2), navel measurements (n = 3), and umbilical cord drying times (n = 2). This review highlights the areas in need of future umbilical health research such as clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of different treatments of umbilical infection. It also emphasizes the importance of future studies to clearly define umbilical health outcomes of interest.Data description:This supplementary document presents data aimed at describing and characterizing the existing literature regarding umbilical health in bovines. Literature was gathered using a pre-defined search strategy from 6 databases and underwent screening of title and abstracts followed by full texts. A total of 150 articles met the search criteria and were included in this review, of these, 17 were classified as descriptive studies, 24 were clinical trials, and 109 were analytical observational studies.

研究摘要：本范围综述（scoping review）旨在描述并系统表征现有关于脐带健康（umbilical health）的学术文献，同时明确当前该领域的知识空白。研究团队检索了6个数据库以获取相关原始研究，纳入标准为针对集约化饲养牛群开展的脐带健康相关研究。初步检索共获得4250篇符合检索词的文献，由2名独立评审员对其标题与摘要进行相关性初筛；经初筛后，进一步对724篇全文文献开展复筛，最终有150篇文献符合综述的数据提取标准。其中17篇为描述性研究，24篇为临床试验，109篇为分析性观察研究。

描述性研究评估的脐带健康结局包括：脐炎（omphalitis，n=11）、脐部寄生虫感染（n=5）以及脐疝（umbilical hernias，n=2）。仅1项临床试验（n=1）针对脐部感染的治疗展开研究，其余23项临床试验均评估了可用于预防脐部健康不良结局的管理因素，涵盖脐部感染（n=17）、脐部蝇蛆病（navel myasis，n=3）、脐部测量（n=5）、脐疝（n=1）以及脐带水肿（umbilical edema，n=1）。

分析性观察研究包含两类：一类为评估脐带健康相关危险因素的研究（n=60），另一类为将脐带健康本身作为危险因素的研究（n=60）。在评估脐带健康危险因素的研究中，其结局分类如下：脐部感染（n=28，其中11项未明确具体定义，1项定义为经兽医确诊）；脐疝（n=8，其中2项仅明确为经兽医确诊，1项定义为牧群管理者确诊）；其余脐带结局包括脐鞘/瓣大小评分（n=16）、脐部蝇蛆病（n=2）以及脐部测量（n=6）。

在将脐带健康作为危险因素的研究中，其所定义的脐带危险因素包括：脐部感染（n=39，其中13项未明确具体定义）、脐疝（n=8，其中4项未明确定义，部分文献同时评估了脐部感染与脐疝）、脐部浸蘸处理（n=12）、作为育种体型分级体系一部分的脐部/鞘评分（n=2）、脐部测量（n=3）以及脐带干燥时间（n=2）。

本综述明确了未来脐带健康研究亟需探索的方向，例如评估不同脐部感染治疗方案疗效的临床试验；同时也强调了未来研究需清晰界定所关注的脐带健康结局定义的重要性。

数据说明：本补充文档旨在呈现相关数据，用于描述并系统表征现有关于牛群脐带健康的学术文献。文献通过预先设定的检索策略从6个数据库中获取，先后经过标题与摘要初筛、全文复筛流程。最终共有150篇文献符合检索标准并被纳入本综述，其中17篇为描述性研究，24篇为临床试验，109篇为分析性观察研究。