Labour Force Survey 1996, 1st quarter

Labour Force Survey 1996 - 1st quarter. As of the 1st quarter of 1972, SSB has conducted official quarterly labour force surveys (AKU). These surveys aim to give the labour force authorities (and other people interested) knowledge of the occupational structure of the population and how it develops over time. The surveys are meant to give a foundation and statistical material for occupational prognoses and labour research. The samples in AKU are from 1992 representative at county level. In the period 1972-1991 they were representative on county pair level. ------------------------------------------------------ Originally, AKU respondents were interviewed in two consecutive quarters of a year, followed by a pause of two quarters, and then another two quarters of interviews. The sample was approximately 10-11.000 respondents in each quarter up until 1988. Originally, AKU was intended to be an analytical supplement to the monthly occupational statistics that was based on the social security membership index file. However, the social security-based statistics disappeared when the sickness benefit was included in the National Insurance as of 1st of January 1971, and AKU has after gradually developed into the most significant source of knowledge of the state of the labour market and its development. In 1975, Statistics Norway changed the sampling frame of survey research, see article 37: “Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundersøkelser”, SSB (About the Use of Random Samples at the Office for Survey Research, Statistics Norway) by Steinar Tamsfoss, and SØS 33: “Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse (Principles and Methods for Statistics Norway's sample research) by Ib Thomsen. Simultaneously, the method for estimation of inflation to national numbers was changed, so that reasonable numbers for regions do exist from 1975 and onwards. The change in 1975 led to a different way of interviewing in groups. This caused amongst other things a break with the AKU panel systematics. In the AKU survey of 1976, a slightly changed questionnaire was introduced. Also, there was a return to the original 6-quarter rotation scheme. The new questionnaire implied a better identification of family workers and persons that are temporarily without paid work. Thus, 30-35 000 more people were defined as employed. The group of "job-seekers without income" were also extended to include persons that were on an involuntary leave of absence. The questions concerning underemployment and “over employment” in the original questionnaire were abandoned. From the 1st quarter of 1987, the estimation method (inflation to national numbers) was slightly changed. There was also a minor adjustment in the definition of employment. In order to ensure that the numbers were to be comparable to earlier surveys, new versions of the 1980-1986 AKU-files were drawn up. Consequently two versions of the 1980-1987 files - respectively with the old and new methods of estimation - exist. The “old” means that the data are comparable to the original numbers published in the period of 1972 - 1987, whilst the “new” implies that the data are comparable to numbers published after 1987. ------------------------------------------------------------- Between the 1st and 2nd quarter of 1988, the AKU file description was changed. The variable “Labour-market status” was given a different coding. In addition, adjustments in the data collections were made - from interviewing a specific week every quarter to carry out continuous weekly interviews. SSB also started up an escalation scheme to increase the sample size. This affected the weights, and from the 2nd quarter of 1988, these were recalculated monthly. To balance out the quarterly or yearly files to total national numbers, the monthly weights therefore had to be divided in three or twelve to give the correct total number. In 1996, AKU was significantly revised: The questionnaire, the file description and the standard for coding of industry and occupation. The data collection also changed to CATI - Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing. A new classification of industry was put into use (NOS C 182, based on the EU standard NACE, Rev.1). This standard was updated in 2002 and 2007. Also, the new occupational classification (STYRK) based on ISCO 88 was used from 1996 and onwards. The variable indicating socio-economic status was omitted, as a similar variable was not developed in the new occupational classification. As from January 2006 some major changes were introduced to AKU in order to enhance its comparability to similar surveys in other countries. The changes consist of minor definitional adjustments of unemployment, some adjustments and enlargement of the questionnaire and a change in age definition (age at reference point instead of at the end of the year). Simultaneously the lower age limit to be included in AKU was lowered from 16 to 15 years. This led to some breaks in the time series in the mentioned areas.

1996年第一季度劳动力调查。自1972年第一季度起，挪威统计统计局（SSB）便开始开展官方季度劳动力调查（AKU）。此类调查旨在为劳动力管理部门及其他有需求的机构、个人提供人口职业结构及其随时间演变的统计信息，为职业预测与劳动力研究提供基础数据与统计素材。1992年起，AKU的样本在县级层面具备代表性；1972年至1991年期间，样本则在双县级层面具备代表性。
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早期AKU的受访对象会在一年中的两个连续季度接受访问，随后暂停两个季度，再进行两轮各为期两个季度的访问。截至1988年，每季度的样本量约为1万至1.1万名受访对象。AKU最初旨在作为基于社会保障参保索引文件的月度职业统计的分析补充。但自1971年1月1日起，病假津贴纳入国民保险体系后，基于社会保障的职业统计便停止更新，AKU也逐渐演变为了解劳动力市场现状及其发展趋势的核心统计来源。
1975年，挪威统计统计局（Statistics Norway）调整了调查研究的抽样框架，相关细节可参考Steinar Tamsfoss撰写的SSB第37号文章《关于调查研究办公室的随机样本使用规范》（原文挪威语标题：Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundersøkelser，英文译名为"About the Use of Random Samples at the Office for Survey Research, Statistics Norway"），以及Ib Thomsen撰写的SØS 33号文件《挪威统计统计局抽样调查的原则与方法》（原文挪威语标题：Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse，英文译名为"Principles and Methods for Statistics Norway's sample research"）。与此同时，样本数据向全国总数值的推算方法也进行了调整，自此1975年起，区域层面的合理统计数值得以生成。
1975年的调整使得分组访问的方式发生了变化，其中一项直接后果是打破了AKU的固定追踪面板体系。1976年的AKU调查启用了小幅修订后的问卷，同时恢复了最初的6季度轮换机制。新版问卷能够更精准地识别家庭用工者和临时无薪工作者，因此新增了3万至3.5万名就业人口统计。同时，"无收入求职者"群体的界定范围也得到扩展，将非自愿休假人员纳入其中。原版问卷中关于就业不足与过度就业的相关问题被移除。
1987年第一季度起，样本数据向全国总数值的推算方法进行了小幅调整，就业人口的界定标准也进行了微调。为确保数据与此前调查的可比性，研究人员针对1980年至1986年的AKU数据集编制了新版文件。因此1980年至1987年的数据集存在两个版本：分别采用旧版与新版推算方法。其中"旧版"指数据可与1972年至1987年发布的原始统计数值进行对比，"新版"则指数据可与1987年之后发布的统计数值进行对比。
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1988年第一季度至第二季度期间，AKU数据集的变量说明进行了调整："劳动力市场状态"变量的编码方式发生了变化。此外，数据收集流程也进行了调整——从每季度固定访问某一周的受访对象，改为开展连续的周度访问。挪威统计统计局还启动了样本量扩容计划，这使得样本权重受到影响，自1988年第二季度起，样本权重改为每月重新计算。为使季度或年度数据集能够匹配全国总数值，需将月度权重分别除以3或12，以得到正确的总统计数值。
1996年，AKU进行了大幅修订，涉及问卷内容、数据集变量说明以及行业与职业编码标准。数据收集方式也变更为计算机辅助电话访问（CATI，Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing）。新版行业分类标准（NOS C 182，基于欧盟NACE Rev.1标准）正式启用，该标准分别于2002年和2007年进行了更新。自1996年起，基于国际职业分类标准ISCO 88的新版职业分类体系（STYRK）开始投入使用。由于新版职业分类体系未设置类似变量，原有的社会经济地位指标被移除。
2006年1月起，AKU进行了多项重大调整，以提升其与其他国家同类调查的可比性。调整内容包括：对失业界定标准进行小幅修订，对问卷内容进行调整与扩充，以及调整年龄统计口径（改为以统计基准时点为准，而非年末年龄）。与此同时，AKU的受访最低年龄从16岁下调至15岁。上述调整导致上述统计领域的时间序列出现了断点。