(Table 1) Radiocarbon datings and calendar year calibrations in sediment core MD99-2304, western Svalbard

A multi proxy sediment core record on the continental margin off western Svalbard, European Arctic, reflects large climatic and oceanographic oscillations at the Lateglacial-early Holocene transition. Based on studies of planktonic foraminifera, their stable oxygen and carbon isotopic composition and ice rafted debris, we have reconstructed the last 14 cal. ka BP. The period 14-13.5 cal. ka BP was characterized by highly unstable climatic conditions. Short-lived episodes of warming alternated with meltwater pulses and enhanced iceberg rafting. This period correlates to a regional warming of the northern North Atlantic. An overall decrease in meltwater took place during the deglaciation (14-10.8 cal. ka BP). The late Younger Dryas and subsequent transition into the early Holocene is characterized by a reduced flux of planktonic foraminifera and increased iceberg rafting. A major warming took place from 10.8 to 9.7 cal. ka BP, the influence of meltwater ceased and the flux of warm Atlantic Water increased. From 9.7 to 8.8 cal. ka BP, the western Svalbard margin surface waters were significantly warmer than today. This warm period, the thermal maximum, was followed by an abrupt cooling at 8.8. cal. ka BP, caused by an increased influence of Arctic Water from the Arctic Ocean. The results document that the European Arctic was very sensitive to climatic and oceanographic changes at the end of the last glacial and during the Holocene.

欧洲北极斯瓦尔巴群岛西侧大陆边缘的多代用指标沉积物岩芯（multi proxy sediment core）记录，揭示了晚冰期-早全新世（Lateglacial-early Holocene）过渡期显著的气候与海洋振荡。本研究基于浮游有孔虫（planktonic foraminifera）、其稳定氧碳同位素组成以及冰筏碎屑（ice rafted debris）的分析，重建了过去14个校准千年（cal. ka BP）的海洋与气候环境。14~13.5 cal. ka BP期间以气候条件极不稳定为特征，短暂的变暖事件与融水脉冲及增强的冰山筏运交替出现。该时段与北大西洋北部的区域性变暖事件相对应。在冰消期（deglaciation，14~10.8 cal. ka BP）内，融水通量整体呈下降趋势。新仙女木事件（Younger Dryas）晚期及随后向早全新世的过渡期，以浮游有孔虫通量降低与冰山筏运作用增强为特征。10.8~9.7 cal. ka BP期间发生了一次显著变暖事件，融水影响消失，暖大西洋水（Atlantic Water）通量增加。9.7~8.8 cal. ka BP期间，斯瓦尔巴群岛西侧陆缘表层海水温度显著高于现代。这一暖期即热盛期（thermal maximum）之后，在8.8 cal. ka BP发生了一次突然降温事件，其诱因是北冰洋（Arctic Ocean）北极水（Arctic Water）的影响增强。本研究结果表明，欧洲北极区域在末次冰期晚期及全新世期间，对气候与海洋变化具有极高的敏感性。