Secondhand smoke alters arachidonic acid metabolism in infants and children with cystic fibrosis. Secondhand smoke alters arachidonic acid metabolism in infants and children with cystic fibrosis

Children ages 0-10 years old with CF were recruited from 2012-2015 at the outpatient CF clinic, and classified according to age (infants <1 year old, vs. children 1-10 years old). The diagnosis of CF was defined as two disease-causing mutations or a sweat chloride test ≥ 60 mmol/L. Hair and blood samples were collected from each subject. Hair nicotine concentrations were determined and considered as the primary objective measure of SHSe. Hair nicotine provides a long-term measure of SHSe as nicotine is integrated into the growing hair shaft over multiple months. (15) For each subject, 30-40 shafts of hair of approximately 2-3 cm in length were cut at the hair root from the occipital skull. Hair samples were refrigerated at 4° for storage, washed before analyses to remove ambient nicotine (15) and batch-tested at a contract research facility (Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health). Samples were processed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection as described. (15) Hair nicotine concentrations were expressed as ng/mg of hair and the assay limit of detection was 0.087 ng/mg. Overall design: 40 total samples: 12 healthy, 28 cycstic fibrosis (CF); Of the CF samples, 10 were negative for nicotine as tested by hair sample and 18 were positive

2012年至2015年间，研究人员于囊性纤维化（Cystic Fibrosis, CF）专科门诊招募了0至10岁的囊性纤维化患儿，并按年龄分为两组：婴儿组（<1岁）与儿童组（1~10岁）。囊性纤维化的确诊标准为携带2种致病突变，或汗液氯离子检测结果≥60 mmol/L。所有受试者均采集头发与血液样本。头发尼古丁浓度被作为二手烟暴露（Secondhand Smoke Exposure, SHSe）的主要客观衡量指标，由于尼古丁可在数月内整合进入正在生长的毛干，因此头发尼古丁水平可反映长期的二手烟暴露情况(15)。每名受试者从枕部头皮发根处截取约2~3厘米长的头发30~40根，样本于4℃冷藏保存，分析前先进行清洗以去除环境附着的尼古丁(15)，随后委托合同研究机构——约翰斯·霍普金斯大学公共卫生学院环境健康科学系（Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health）开展批量检测。样本采用反相高效液相色谱（reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography）联用电化学检测（electrochemical detection）法进行处理，具体流程参见文献(15)。头发尼古丁浓度以ng/mg（头发）为单位进行表达，本检测方法的检出限为0.087 ng/mg。整体实验设计：本研究共纳入40份样本，其中12份为健康对照样本，28份为囊性纤维化患者样本；在囊性纤维化患者样本中，经头发样本检测，10份尼古丁检测结果呈阴性，18份呈阳性。