NOAA-GFDL GFDL-ESM4 model output prepared for CMIP6 ScenarioMIP ssp245

Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets: These data include all datasets published for 'CMIP6.ScenarioMIP.NOAA-GFDL.GFDL-ESM4.ssp245' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'.

The GFDL-ESM4 climate model, released in 2018, includes the following components:
aerosol: interactive, atmos: GFDL-AM4.1 (Cubed-sphere (c96) - 1 degree nominal horizontal resolution; 360 x 180 longitude/latitude; 49 levels; top level 1 Pa), atmosChem: GFDL-ATMCHEM4.1 (full atmospheric chemistry), land: GFDL-LM4.1, landIce: GFDL-LM4.1, ocean: GFDL-OM4p5 (GFDL-MOM6, tripolar - nominal 0.5 deg; 720 x 576 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-2 m), ocnBgchem: GFDL-COBALTv2, seaIce: GFDL-SIM4p5 (GFDL-SIS2.0, tripolar - nominal 0.5 deg; 720 x 576 longitude/latitude; 5 layers; 5 thickness categories).
The model was run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA (NOAA-GFDL) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmos: 100 km, atmosChem: 100 km, land: 100 km, landIce: 100 km, ocean: 50 km, ocnBgchem: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km.

Project: These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions and serves as resource for authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6).

CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated on a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ).

The project includes simulations from about 120 global climate models and around 45 institutions and organizations worldwide. - Project website: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6.

耦合模型比较计划第六阶段（Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6，CMIP6）数据集：本数据集涵盖所有发布于`CMIP6.情景比较计划（ScenarioMIP）.NOAA-GFDL.GFDL-ESM4.ssp245`的数据集，其完整数据引用语法遵循模板`mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version`。

GFDL-ESM4气候模式于2018年发布，其组成模块如下：气溶胶模块采用交互式方案；大气模块为GFDL-AM4.1（立方球面（c96）网格，名义水平分辨率1度，经纬度网格尺寸360×180，共49层，顶层气压为1 Pa）；大气化学模块为GFDL-ATMCHEM4.1（集成完整大气化学方案）；陆面模块为GFDL-LM4.1；陆冰模块为GFDL-LM4.1；海洋模块为GFDL-OM4p5（基于GFDL-MOM6，极坐标网格，名义分辨率0.5度，经纬度网格尺寸720×576，共75层，表层网格单元深度范围0~2 m）；海洋生物地球化学模块为GFDL-COBALTv2；海冰模块为GFDL-SIM4p5（基于GFDL-SIS2.0，极坐标网格，名义分辨率0.5度，经纬度网格尺寸720×576，共5层，包含5个厚度分级）。

该模式由位于美国新泽西州普林斯顿市08540的美国国家海洋和大气管理局地球物理流体动力学实验室（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory，NOAA-GFDL）以原生名义分辨率运行，其中气溶胶、大气、大气化学、陆面、陆冰模块分辨率为100 km，海洋、海洋生物地球化学、海冰模块分辨率为50 km。

本数据集作为国际协调的耦合模型比较计划第六阶段（CMIP6；详见《地球科学模型开发》特刊：http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html）的产出成果，其模拟数据可为解答核心科学问题的气候研究提供支撑，同时可作为政府间气候变化专门委员会第六次评估报告（Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report，IPCC-AR6）作者的参考资源。

CMIP6由世界气候研究计划（World Climate Research Programme，WCRP）下属的耦合模拟工作组（Working Group on Coupled Modelling，WGCM）协调推进。第六阶段延续了此前由气候模型诊断与比较计划（Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison，PCMDI）主导的前几阶段工作，依托地球系统网格联合会（Earth System Grid Federation，ESGF）与环境数据分析中心（Centre for Environmental Data Analysis，CEDA），并结合众多相关活动完成项目实施。原始数据存储于分布式数据节点集群并进行部分副本备份，IPCC依赖的多数数据将由德国气候计算中心（Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum，DKRZ）托管的IPCC数据分发中心（IPCC Data Distribution Centre，IPCC DDC）进行长期保存归档。

该项目汇聚了全球约120个全球气候模式与45家科研机构及组织的模拟成果。项目官网：https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6。