Table1_Future buildings as carbon sinks: Comparative analysis of timber-based building typologies regarding their carbon emissions and storage.XLSX

The building and construction sector is responsible for a large share of carbon emissions resulting in the need to reduce them to mitigate climate change. Timber construction methods promise to lower emissions combined with biogenic carbon storage in the built environment. While there are several studies comparing the emissions of mineral-based and timber-based buildings, a consistent comparison of different timber-based building assemblies is still missing. This study compares carbon emissions from material production and carbon storage capabilities of four timber-based and two brick and reinforced concrete building assemblies. These assemblies were designed for a residential multi-storey building in Berlin, Germany. To compare and rank the carbon impacts of these assemblies we introduce a carbon storage-to-emission ratio. The calculations were performed using a Carbon Cycle Assessment Model implementation in Python. The results indicate an average reduction in carbon emissions of timber-based building assemblies by 32.6% to “Brick” and 40.4% to “Reinforced Concrete”, respectively. Across the timber-based building assemblies, the carbon emissions range between 85 t and 115 t, leading to an average of 105 t per building. Pronounced differences were observed in carbon storage, with the “Dowel Laminated Timber” building assembly storing more than three times the amount of carbon compared to “Light Weight Timber” assembly. To further reduce emissions from buildings and the construction sector and potentially enhance urban carbon storage, “Glue Laminated Timber” and “Dowel Laminated Timber” building assemblies were identified as the most promising.

建筑与建造业贡献了全球碳排放的较大份额，亟需通过减排以减缓气候变化。木结构建造方式在降低碳排放的同时，还可在建筑环境中实现生物源碳储存。尽管已有多项研究对比了矿物基与木质基建筑的碳排放水平，但目前仍缺乏针对不同木质基建筑组合体系的一致性对比分析。本研究以德国柏林的一栋多层住宅建筑为载体，设计了四种木质基建筑组合体系与两种砖材、钢筋混凝土建筑组合体系，并对其材料生产阶段的碳排放及碳储存能力进行了对比。为量化对比并排序各组合体系的碳影响，本研究引入了碳储存-排放比这一指标。所有计算均依托Python实现的碳循环评估模型（Carbon Cycle Assessment Model）完成。研究结果显示，木质基建筑组合体系的平均碳排放较“砖材建筑”体系降低32.6%，较“钢筋混凝土”体系降低40.4%。在木质基建筑组合体系中，单栋建筑的碳排放介于85吨至115吨之间，平均值为105吨。各体系的碳储存能力差异显著，其中“销接层积材（Dowel Laminated Timber）”建筑组合体系的碳储存量是“轻型木结构（Light Weight Timber）”体系的三倍以上。为进一步降低建筑与建造业的碳排放，并潜在提升城市碳储存水平，研究认定胶合木（Glue Laminated Timber）与销接层积材建筑组合体系为最具应用前景的方案。