Supporting data for Wilson et al. (2021) Artificial nightlight and anthropogenic noise interact to influence bird abundance over a continental scale

This data package supports the following publication:<br>Wilson AA, Ditmer MA, Barber JR, Carter NH, Miller ET, Tyrrell LP, Francis CD. In press. Artificial nightlight and anthropogenic noise interact to influence bird abundance over a continental scale. Global Change Biology. <br><br>Included are five files; two primary datasets and their respective "ReadMe" files and a consensus phylogeny of birds that was used in support of analyses involving imputation of eye geometry traits and relating traits to species-specific responses to artificial night lighting and anthropogenic noise. The phylogeny is based on Jetz et al. 2021. Nature.<br>The "Wilson_etal_Project_FeederWatch_Data_and_Macro_Variables" data and associated ReadMe file provide data supporting the main analyses involving the responses of 140 species to environmental variables. The "Wilson_etal_Eye_measurements" data and associated ReadMe file provide data associate with the imputation of eye geometries. <br>Data associated with the trait analyses are available as supplementary information (supplementary Table 7) at the publisher's website.<br>Below is the abstract from the paper:The extent of artificial night light and anthropogenic noise (i.e. ‘light’ and ‘noise’) impacts are global and have the capacity to threaten species across diverse ecosystems. Existing research involving impacts of light or noise has primarily focused on noise or light alone and single species; however, these stimuli often co-occur and little is known about how co-exposure influences wildlife and if and why species may vary in their responses. Here, we had three aims: 1) to investigate species-specific responses to light, noise, and the interaction between the two using a spatially-explicit approach to model changes in abundance of 140 prevalent bird species across North America, 2) to investigate responses to the interaction between light exposure and night length, and 3) to identify functional traits and habitat affiliations that explain variation in species-specific responses to these sensory stimuli with phylogenetically-informed models. We found species that responded to noise exposure generally decreased in abundance, and the additional presence of light interacted synergistically with noise to exacerbate its negative effects. Moreover, the interaction revealed negative emergent responses for several species that only reacted when light and noise co-occurred. Additionally, an interaction between light and night length revealed 47 species increased in abundance with light exposure during longer nights. In addition to modifying behavior with optimal temperature and potential foraging opportunities, birds might be attracted to light, yet suffer inadvertent physiological consequences. The trait that most strongly related to avian response to light and noise was habitat affiliation. Specifically, species that occupy closed habitat were less tolerant of both sensory stressors compared to those that occupy open habitat. Further quantifying the contexts and intrinsic traits that explain how species respond to noise and light will be fundamental to understanding the ecological consequences of a world that is ever louder and brighter. <br>本数据包支持以下发表成果：<br>Wilson AA, Ditmer MA, Barber JR, Carter NH, Miller ET, Tyrrell LP, Francis CD. 已接收。人工夜间光照与人为噪声交互作用对大陆尺度鸟类丰度的影响. 《Global Change Biology》（全球变化生物学）. <br><br>本数据包共包含5个文件：2份核心数据集及其对应的「ReadMe」说明文件，以及1份用于支持眼几何性状插补分析、并将性状与物种对人工夜间光照和人为噪声的特异性响应相关联的鸟类共识系统发育树。该系统发育树基于Jetz等人2021年发表于《Nature》（《自然》）的研究构建。<br>其中，「Wilson_etal_Project_FeederWatch_Data_and_Macro_Variables」数据集及其配套ReadMe文件，提供了支撑140个物种对环境变量响应的核心分析所需数据；「Wilson_etal_Eye_measurements」数据集及其配套ReadMe文件，则提供了与眼几何性状插补相关的配套数据。<br>与性状分析相关的数据已作为补充信息（补充表7）上传至期刊出版商的官方网站。<br><br>以下为该论文的摘要：<br>人工夜间光照与人为噪声（下称「光照污染」与「噪声污染」）的影响范围遍及全球，可对多样生态系统中的各类物种构成威胁。现有相关研究多单独聚焦噪声或光照，且大多针对单一物种；但上述两类干扰因子往往同时存在，目前对于共暴露如何影响野生动物，以及物种间响应差异的成因与存在性仍知之甚少。本研究旨在达成三个目标：1）采用空间显式方法，对北美大陆140种常见鸟类的丰度变化进行建模，以此探究物种对光照、噪声及其交互作用的特异性响应；2）探究光照暴露与夜长之间的交互作用对物种的影响；3）借助系统发育信息模型，识别能够解释物种对上述两类感官干扰因子响应差异的功能性状与栖息地关联特征。研究发现，对噪声暴露产生响应的物种，其丰度普遍下降；而光照的额外存在会与噪声产生协同交互作用，加剧噪声的负面效应。此外，该交互作用还使多个物种仅在光照与噪声共同存在时才表现出负面的涌现响应。另外，光照与夜长的交互作用显示，在更长的夜长期间，有47个物种的丰度会随光照暴露增加而上升。除了通过优化体温与潜在觅食机会调整行为外，鸟类可能会被光照吸引，但同时也会遭受意外的生理损害。与鸟类对光与噪声的响应关联最强的性状为栖息地关联类型：具体而言，相较于栖息于开阔生境的物种，栖息于封闭生境的物种对两类感官干扰的耐受性更低。进一步量化能够解释物种对噪声与光照响应差异的环境背景与内在性状，对于理解愈发嘈杂与明亮的全球生态后果至关重要。