Assessment of skeletal and dental ages of children and adolescents with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

The present study aimed to assess the skeletal and dental ages of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Therefore, panoramic and hand-wrist radiographs of 82 patients, aged between 5 and 15 years, were collected and divided into case and control groups. The case group consisted of 41 panoramic and 41 hand-wrist radiographs of T1DM patients, whereas the control group consisted of 41 panoramic and 41 hand-wrist radiographs of patients without T1DM. Skeletal age was assessed according to the method of Greulich and Pyle (1999), whereas dental age was assessed according to the method of Nolla (1960). Chi-square tests revealed no statistically significant differences between skeletal and dental ages between the case and control groups (p > 0.05). However, in the case group, the skeletal age of females was greater than that of age-matched males (p = 0.005). Considering that skeletal and dental growth of the case and control groups were closely related, clinical interventions involving orthodontics and dentomaxillofacial orthopedics should be equally performed both for healthy and specific patient groups, such as those with T1DM.

本研究旨在评估1型糖尿病（Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, T1DM）患者的骨骼年龄与牙齿年龄。为此，研究人员收集了82名年龄介于5至15岁受试者的全景X线片与手腕骨X线片，并将其划分为病例组与对照组。其中，病例组纳入41例1型糖尿病患者的全景X线片及对应手腕骨X线片，对照组则纳入41名非1型糖尿病患者的全景X线片与对应手腕骨X线片。骨骼年龄采用格雷利奇与派尔（Greulich and Pyle, 1999）的评估方法，牙齿年龄则参照诺拉（Nolla, 1960）的评定标准。卡方检验结果显示，病例组与对照组的骨骼年龄及牙齿年龄均无统计学显著性差异（p>0.05）。但在病例组内，女性受试者的骨骼年龄大于同年龄匹配的男性受试者（p=0.005）。鉴于两组的骨骼与牙齿生长密切相关，针对健康人群及1型糖尿病这类特定患者群体，均应同等实施正畸与牙颌面矫形相关的临床干预措施。