Population characteristics stratified by PN.

BackgroundDietary phosphorus intake may serve as a potential predictor for peripheral neuropathy (PN). While past research has predominantly focused on the relationship between dietary phosphorus and bone health, relatively little is known about its role in the nervous system, particularly its association with PN.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using data from NHANES 1999–2004. Participants were categorized into different dietary phosphorus intake groups, and the relationship between dietary phosphorus and PN was explored using multifactorial logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis, and threshold effect analysis based on dietary intake.ResultsThe final study included 7726 participants, with 1378 diagnosed with PN and 6348 without. The study revealed a U-shaped non-linear relationship between dietary calcium and magnesium intake levels and PN, indicating that both excessive and insufficient dietary phosphorus intake may increase the risk of PN. Specifically, the incidence rates in the first quintile (1.433, 95% CI: 1.080–1.901), the fourth quintile (1.284, 95% CI: 1.000–1.648), and the fifth quintile (1.533, 95% CI: 1.155–2.035) significantly higher than the second quintile, with an overall trend showing a decrease followed by an increase in incidence rates. The results of RCS and threshold effect analysis indicate that when dietary phosphorus intake is below 939.44mg, the risk of PN decreases with increasing dietary phosphorus intake. On the contrary, when dietary phosphorus intake exceeds 939.44mg, the risk of PN increases with increasing dietary phosphorus intake.ConclusionThis study reveals a U-shaped correlation between dietary phosphorus intake and PN. Future research should further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this association, providing guidance for more scientifically informed dietary adjustments to prevent the occurrence of PN.研究背景 膳食磷摄入或可作为周围神经病（Peripheral Neuropathy, PN）的潜在预测因子。过往研究多聚焦于膳食磷与骨骼健康的关联，而其在神经系统中的作用，尤其是与周围神经病的相关性，目前尚不甚明晰。 研究方法 本研究采用1999-2004年美国国家健康与营养调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES）的数据开展横断面研究。将研究对象按膳食磷摄入水平进行分组，采用多因素logistic回归、限制性立方样条（Restricted Cubic Splines, RCS）分析以及基于膳食摄入的阈值效应分析，探讨膳食磷与周围神经病的相关性。 研究结果 本研究最终纳入7726名研究对象，其中1378名被诊断为周围神经病，6348名未患该病。研究发现膳食钙与镁摄入水平与周围神经病呈U型非线性关联，提示膳食磷摄入过量或不足均可能升高周围神经病的发病风险。具体而言，第一五分位组（1.433, 95%置信区间：1.080~1.901）、第四五分位组（1.284, 95%置信区间：1.000~1.648）及第五五分位组（1.533, 95%置信区间：1.155~2.035）的发病率均显著高于第二五分位组，整体发病率呈现先降低后升高的趋势。限制性立方样条分析与阈值效应分析结果显示，当膳食磷摄入低于939.44mg时，周围神经病发病风险随摄入增加而降低；反之，当摄入超过939.44mg时，发病风险随摄入增加而升高。 研究结论 本研究揭示了膳食磷摄入与周围神经病之间存在U型相关关系。未来研究可进一步阐明该关联的分子机制，为通过更科学合理的膳食调整预防周围神经病的发生提供指导依据。