Data_Sheet_1_Physiological, Anthropometric, and Motor Characteristics of Elite Chinese Youth Athletes From Six Different Sports.csv

Several talent selection programs in elite sport schools are based on motor diagnostics for the purpose of recommending or transferring promising talents to general groups of sports; game sports, combat sports or endurance sports, and to more concrete sports such as gymnastics, skiing, or tennis. However, the predictive value of such testing is unclear. This study evaluated the concurrent validity of physiological performance prerequisites, body dimensions, as well as specific motor performances. The sample consisted of N = 97 youth athletes from all ninth grade classes of a Shanghai Elite Sport school belonging to six different sports including basketball (n = 7), fencing (n = 23), judo (n = 20), swimming (n = 10), table tennis (n = 15), and volleyball (n = 22). The performance diagnosis took place between September 2016 and March 2017, and comprised five physiological measurements of the heart rate at rest, vital capacity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and hemoglobin concentration in the blood, eighteen anthropometric parameters, and two motor tests on back strength and complex reaction speed. The aim of the study was to investigate whether U15 age group athletes participating in six different sports already at this age show a sport specific anthropometric, motor performance, and physiological profile which is in line with the specific requirements of each of the sports. A discriminant analysis and a Neural Network (Multilayer Perceptron) were used to test whether it is possible to discriminate between athletes of the six sports and to assign each individual of the Under-15 athletes to his own sport on the basis of a unique profile of the morphological, motor, and physiological prerequisites. All diagnostic methods exhibited medium to high validity to discriminate between the six different sports. The relevance of the eighteen body dimensions, five physiological measures, and two motor tests for talent identification was confirmed.

多项精英体育院校的人才选拔项目均以运动机能诊断为基础，旨在将具备潜力的运动员推荐或分流至不同运动大类：球类运动、格斗类运动或耐力类运动，以及体操、滑雪、网球等具体运动项目。不过，此类测试的预测价值尚未明确。本研究针对生理机能必备条件、身体形态参数以及专项运动机能表现的同时效度展开评估。研究样本取自上海某精英体育学校所有九年级班级的97名青少年运动员，他们分别参与6个不同运动项目：篮球7人、击剑23人、柔道20人、游泳10人、乒乓球15人、排球22人。运动机能测试于2016年9月至2017年3月间开展，测试内容包含5项生理指标测量：静息心率、肺活量、收缩压、舒张压以及血液血红蛋白浓度；18项人体测量学参数；以及2项机能测试：背部力量测试与复杂反应速度测试。本研究的目标在于探究：参与6个运动项目的U15（Under-15）年龄段青少年运动员，在该年龄段是否已呈现出与各自项目专项要求相匹配的专项人体测量学特征、运动机能表现与生理机能特征。本研究采用判别分析与多层感知机（Multilayer Perceptron）两种方法，旨在验证：基于形态学、运动机能与生理机能的独特特征组合，能否区分6个项目的运动员，并将每名U15年龄段青少年运动员归类至其对应的运动项目中。所有测试方法均展现出中等到较高的区分效度，可有效区分6个不同运动项目的运动员。本研究证实了18项身体维度指标、5项生理测量指标以及2项机能测试在运动员选材中的应用价值。