Roman Magistrate at The Petit Palais, Paris

This bronze sculpture is a fragment of a larger, full piece of a Roman Magisrate, produced in the 11th Century and discovered in 1867. The Roman magistrates were elected officials in Ancient Rome. During the period of the Roman Kingdom, the King of Rome was the principal executive magistrate. His power, in practice, was absolute. He was the chief priest, lawgiver, judge, and the sole commander of the army. When the king died, his power reverted to the Roman Senate, which then chose an Interrex to facilitate the election of a new king. During the transition from monarchy to republic, the constitutional balance of power shifted from the executive (the Roman king) to the Roman Senate. When the Roman Republic was founded in 509 BC, the powers that had been held by the king were transferred to the Roman consuls, of which two were to be elected each year. Magistrates of the republic were elected by the People of Rome, and were each vested with a degree of power, called major powers (maior potestas). Dictators had more major powers than any other magistrate, and after the Dictator was the censor, and then the consul, and then the praetor, and then the curule aedile, and then the quaestor. Any magistrate could obstruct (veto) an action that was being taken by a magistrate with an equal or lower degree of magisterial powers. By definition, plebeian tribunes and plebeian aediles were technically not magistrates since they were elected only by the plebeians, and as such, they were independent of all other powerful magistrates. This object is part of Scan The World. Scan the World is a non-profit initiative introduced by MyMiniFactory, through which we are creating a digital archive of fully 3D printable sculptures, artworks and landmarks from across the globe for the public to access for free. Scan the World is an open source, community effort, if you have interesting items around you and would like to contribute, email [e-mail] to find out how you can help.这件青铜雕塑是一件完整罗马行政长官（Roman Magistrate）雕像残件，制作于11世纪，1867年被发现。 罗马行政长官是古罗马的民选公职人员。在罗马王政时期，罗马王是最高行政长官，其实际权力至高无上，身兼最高祭司、立法者、司法官与军队唯一统帅之职。罗马王驾崩后，其权力归还罗马元老院，由元老院选出摄政官（Interrex）以筹备新王选举事宜。 在从王政向共和制过渡的阶段，权力的宪法平衡从行政机构（罗马王）转向罗马元老院。公元前509年罗马共和国建立后，原属罗马王的权力被移交至罗马执政官，该职位每年选举产生两名任职者。 共和时期的行政长官由罗马公民选举产生，每位长官均被赋予一定层级的权力，即最高职权（maior potestas）。独裁官（Dictator）拥有高于所有其他行政长官的最高职权，职权层级排序依次为独裁官（Dictator）、监察官（Censor）、执政官（Consul）、裁判官（Praetor）、高级市政官（Curule Aedile）与财务官（Quaestor）。任何行政长官均可否决同级或下级行政长官的行动决议。根据定义，平民保民官（Plebeian Tribune）与平民市政官（Plebeian Aedile）严格来说并非正式行政长官——因其仅由平民选举产生，故而独立于所有其他有权势的行政长官体系之外。 本展品隶属于全球扫描计划（Scan The World）项目。该项目由MyMiniFactory发起，属于非盈利公益计划，旨在打造可免费面向公众获取的数字化档案库，收录全球各地可3D打印的雕塑、艺术品与地标建筑。全球扫描计划是一项开源的社区共建项目，若您身边有可贡献的有趣藏品，可发送邮件至[e-mail]了解参与方式。