Hale-o-Keawe Archeological Report: Archeology at Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park

This is a combined salvage, stabilization, and historical review of the
Hale-o-Kea_ temple, City of Refuge National Historical Park, Honaunau,
Kona, Hawaii.

The historical data collected and submitted by Superintendent Russell A.
Apple (1966) in a thesis for the complete restoration of the masonry platform, and the temple of the Hale-o-Keawe, are re-evaluated and analyzed for their archeological significance. (Editor's note: Russell Apple retired as Pacific Historian in 1981.) On the basis of the analysis and evaluations, and on-site observations and measurements, a seven-point guideline for the archeological research is developed.

A brief description of the existing structure and an outline of the functions of the pu'uhonua and the heiau in ancient Hawaii are presented. Based on the archeological evidence, the architectural history of the site is presented as the background for the stabilization and restoration of the platform. Also, in this section, the artifacts are given special attention. Over 500 classifiable artifacts were recovered.

The last portion deals with the synthesis and analysis of the archeological data, supported by both the historical and field evidence, for the stabilization and restoration. The seven points of the original conclusions are restated, supported by the on-site data. Supporting material appended are: Tables 1 and 2, illustration Plates I to XXXXIII, Figures 1 to 4, Accession List of Artifacts, A Full Quote from the Journal of William Ellis concerning the City of Refuge, Location Maps, and a corrected Archeological Base Map.

本数据集针对夏威夷科纳（Kona）地区霍诺瑙（Honaunau）的避难城国家历史公园（City of Refuge National Historical Park）内的哈莱奥克阿（Hale-o-Kea_）神庙，开展了抢救性保护、结构加固与历史考据的综合研究工作。

由时任公园主管拉塞尔·A·阿普尔（Russell A. Apple）于1966年为完成哈莱奥克阿韦（Hale-o-Keawe）神庙及石砌台基的全面修复工作所撰写的学位论文中提交的历史资料，现被重新评估并分析其考古价值。（编者注：拉塞尔·A·阿普尔于1981年以太平洋历史学家身份退休。）基于本次分析评估、现场观测与实测数据，研究团队制定了一套含7项要点的考古研究指南。

本章节首先简要介绍了现存建筑结构，并概述了古夏威夷避难所（pu'uhonua）与传统神庙（heiau）的功能。基于考古实证，研究阐述了该遗址的建筑历史，以此作为台基加固与修复工作的背景依据。同时，本部分对出土文物给予了特别关注：本次共发掘得到500余件可分类文物。

本数据集的最后部分针对台基加固与修复工作，结合历史史料与实地考古证据，对考古数据进行综合梳理与分析。基于现场实测数据，研究重申了原结论中的7项核心要点。附录辅助材料包括：表1、表2，图版I至XXXXIII，图1至图4，文物入藏清单，威廉·埃利斯（William Ellis）所著《避难城日志》全文引述，遗址位置图，以及经校正的考古底图。