Estimated odds ratios of demographic characteristics and alarm symptoms for upper GI malignancies, based on unadjusted and multivariable adjusted regression models.

€Multivariable model is adjusted for age, gender, educational level, cigarette smoking and history of weight loss, GI bleeding, persistent vomiting and dysphagia.
‡H. pylori infection is detected based on Rapid Urease Test (RUT), during endoscopy.

€多变量模型已校正年龄、性别、受教育程度、吸烟状况，以及体重减轻史、胃肠道（Gastrointestinal, GI）出血、持续性呕吐与吞咽困难病史。
‡幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori）感染通过内镜检查期间实施的快速尿素酶试验（Rapid Urease Test, RUT）进行检测。