Table1_Toward better blockchain-enabled energy trading between electric vehicles and smart grids in Internet of Things environments: a survey.docx

With the rise of the 3Ds—decarbonization, decentralization, and digitalization—the number of electric vehicles is projected to increase, necessitating the implementation of modern technologies to avoid unnecessary energy wastage. Numerous studies have been developed proposing electric vehicle (EV) charging frameworks in networks empowered by renewable energy resources. In addition, more focus has recently been directed on incorporating blockchain technology to assure security and transparency in trading systems. However, fewer studies have delved into developing a practical implementation of their solution due to the complexity of the topic. Therefore, this paper thoroughly investigates integrating blockchain technology in electric vehicle charging systems, analyzing the existing practical implementation and their characteristics. It comprises 48 relevant studies between 2017 and 2023, covering the following main research areas: (i) renewable energy-based electric charging systems, (ii) blockchain frameworks used in energy trading, and (iii) performance metrics of simulated and implemented solutions. Results show that blockchain applications in EVs and energy trading systems are highly current, and researchers are actively exploring ways to improve their efficiency and effectiveness.

随着脱碳（decarbonization）、去中心化（decentralization）与数字化（digitalization）三大趋势的兴起，电动汽车（Electric Vehicle，EV）的保有量预计将持续攀升，亟需部署现代技术以规避不必要的能源损耗。已有诸多研究提出了可再生能源供电网络中的电动汽车充电框架。此外，近期更多研究聚焦于将区块链（Blockchain）技术集成至交易系统中，以保障其安全性与交易透明度。然而，由于该主题本身复杂度较高，针对其解决方案开展实际落地实施的研究相对匮乏。因此，本文全面调研了区块链技术在电动汽车充电系统中的集成应用，分析了现有实际落地方案及其特性。本文共收录2017至2023年间的48项相关研究，涵盖以下三大核心研究方向：（1）基于可再生能源的充电系统；（2）应用于能源交易的区块链框架；（3）仿真与实际落地方案的性能评估指标。研究结果表明，区块链在电动汽车与能源交易系统中的应用正处于研究热点，研究者们正积极探索提升其效率与效能的可行路径。