A Two-Stage Calibrated Annual Population Grid Dataset for China (2010–2020)

An annual gridded population dataset for China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2010 to 2020 was generated using a two-stage calibration method that integrates census data and provincial statistical yearbook data. The township-level population census data for 2010 and 2020, together with the original GlobPop, LandScan, and WorldPop population grids, were first collected as the input datasets. Calibration factors were constructed at the township scale and linear interpolation was applied to estimate population values for intermediate years. In the second stage, provincial population totals from the 2011–2019 China Statistical Yearbooks were introduced to scale the township-corrected results annually, ensuring consistency with official statistics. The calibrated dataset shows higher temporal consistency and spatial accuracy across China than the original GlobPop, LandScan, and WorldPop products when assessed with township-level census data.

本研究采用两级校准方法（two-stage calibration method），整合人口普查数据与省级统计年鉴数据，生成了2010至2020年中国（不含香港、澳门、台湾地区）逐年格网化人口数据集。首先收集2010年、2020年乡镇级（township-level）人口普查数据，以及原始GlobPop、LandScan、WorldPop人口格网数据作为输入数据集；在乡镇尺度构建校准因子，并通过线性插值（linear interpolation）估算中间年份的人口数值。第二阶段引入2011至2019年《中国统计年鉴》中的省级人口总量，对经乡镇级校准后的结果进行逐年尺度调整，确保与官方统计数据保持一致。经乡镇级人口普查数据验证，经校准后的数据集相较于原始GlobPop、LandScan及WorldPop产品，在全国范围内具备更高的时间一致性与空间精度。