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Introduction India has the second largest HIV epidemic in the world. Despite successes in epidemic control at the population level, a concentrated epidemic persists among gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM). However, India lags in implementation of biomedical prevention technologies, such as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In order to inform scale-up of new HIV prevention technologies, including those in the development pipeline, we assessed willingness to use oral PrEP, rectal microbicides, and HIV vaccines, and choices among product characteristics, among MSM in two major Indian cities. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a discrete choice experiment (DCE), an established methodology for quantitively estimating end-user preferences in healthcare. Survey participants were randomly assigned to one of three questionnaire versions, each of which included a DCE for one prevention technology. Participants were recruited using chain-referral sampling by peer outreach workers, beginning with seeds in community-based organizations and public sex environments, in Chennai and Mumbai. DCE data were analyzed using random-parameters (mixed) logit (RPL) models. Results Among participants (n = 600), median age was 25 years, with median monthly income of INR 9,000 (~US$125). Nearly one-third (32%) had completed a college degree and 82% were single/never married. A majority of participants (63%) reported condomless anal sex in the past month. The acceptability of all three products was universally high (≥90%). Across all three products, four attributes were significant predictors of acceptability—with efficacy consistently the most important attribute, and in decreasing order of preference, side-effects, dosing schedule, and venue. MSM varied in their preferences for product attributes in relation to their levels of education and income, and engagement in sex work and HIV risk behavior. Conclusion This study provides empirical evidence to facilitate the integration of end users’ preferences throughout design, testing, and dissemination phases of HIV prevention technologies. The findings also suggest action points and targets for interventions for diverse subgroups to support the effectiveness of combination HIV prevention among MSM in India.引言 印度是全球人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）疫情第二严重的国家。尽管在人群层面的疫情防控中取得了一定成效，但男男性行为者（MSM）群体中仍存在集中性的HIV流行。然而，印度在生物医学预防技术的推广应用方面仍存在滞后，例如HIV暴露前预防（PrEP）。为了给包括在研产品在内的新型HIV预防技术的规模化推广提供依据，我们针对印度两座主要城市的男男性行为者，评估了其口服PrEP、直肠杀微生物剂以及HIV疫苗的使用意愿，并分析了其对产品特性的偏好选择。 方法 本研究采用离散选择实验（DCE）这一已被证实可量化评估医疗领域终端用户偏好的成熟方法，开展了一项横断面调查。调查对象被随机分配至三个问卷版本之一，每个版本包含针对一种预防技术的离散选择实验。研究通过同伴外展人员采用链式追踪抽样法招募参与者，招募起点为金奈与孟买两地社区组织及公共性场所的种子对象。采用随机参数（混合）logit模型（RPL）对离散选择实验数据进行分析。 结果 本次研究共纳入600名参与者，其年龄中位数为25岁，月收入中位数为9000印度卢比（INR，约合125美元）。近三分之一（32%）的参与者完成了大学学历教育，82%为单身/从未婚状态。多数参与者（63%）报告称在过去一个月内有无套肛交行为。三种产品的接受度普遍较高（≥90%）。在所有三种产品中，共有四项属性是接受度的显著预测因子：防护效力始终是最重要的属性，其次按偏好优先级从高到低依次为副作用、给药方案以及使用场所。男男性行为者对产品属性的偏好会因其受教育程度、收入水平、性工作参与情况以及HIV风险行为的不同而存在差异。 结论 本研究提供了实证依据，有助于将终端用户的偏好纳入HIV预防技术的设计、测试与推广全流程。研究结果还为针对不同亚群的干预措施提供了行动方向与目标，以提升印度男男性行为人群组合式HIV预防方案的有效性。