Gender responsive climate smart agriculture practices and its impact on livelihoods of pastoral and agro-pastoral community: A study in Jigjiga, Somali Region, Ethiopia (East Africa).

Although Climate Smart Agriculture Practices are not a new phenomenon in agricultural activities throughout the world but still it is far behind the reaching capacity of people in the African continents in general and the Ethiopia in particular because of many socio-economic and political and cultural factors (for say social standing, awareness, knowledge, gender responsiveness besides economic barriers). Ethiopia is a land locked country having inhabitants of pastoral and agro-pastoral community. Today the environment and climate change has brought new thoughts of doing agriculture practices which can sustain in any climatic conditions in particular region. It needs proper understanding, knowledge in using technology apart from understanding the needs of males and females and their response in practicing Climate smart agriculture (CSA) in order to achieve sustainability in agriculture. Pastoral and agri-pastoral communities mostly are nature lovers, raring livestock –agricultural practices are their life line. Suffering from continuous droughts, untimely rain etc. affects agricultural activities, livestock production which ultimately jeopardized sedentarisation process at large scales among pastoral, agro- pastoral communities in Ethiopia in general and Jigjiga in particular. Finding its ultimate solutions no options remain other than practicing gender responsive climate smart agriculture in the region. This may bring paradigm change not only in agriculture sector but also integrated sectors in the region where ultimate beneficiaries are pastoral and agro-pastoral communities.

尽管气候智能型农业（Climate Smart Agriculture, CSA）实践在全球农业活动中并非新兴事物，但受诸多社会经济、政治及文化因素影响——包括社会地位、认知水平、知识储备、性别敏感性，此外还有经济壁垒——整体而言，其在非洲大陆，尤其是埃塞俄比亚的民众普及率仍远未达标。埃塞俄比亚是内陆国家，境内居民以游牧与农牧混合社群为主。当前，环境与气候变化催生了新的农业生产理念，即探索能适配特定区域各类气候条件的可持续农业模式。要实现农业可持续发展，不仅需要充分理解男女两性的不同需求与参与气候智能型农业实践的意愿，还需掌握相关技术的应用知识。游牧与农牧混合社群大多热爱自然，以畜牧养殖为核心生计，农业生产是他们的生命线。持续干旱、降雨失时等问题严重冲击当地农业活动与畜牧生产，最终大幅阻碍了埃塞俄比亚整体乃至吉吉加（Jigjiga）地区游牧与农牧混合社群的定居化进程。要从根本上解决上述问题，该地区别无他法，唯有推行兼顾性别敏感性的气候智能型农业实践。此举不仅将为农业领域带来范式革新，还将推动该地区多领域的协同发展，而最终的受益群体正是游牧与农牧混合社群。