MADFORWATER. WP4 Field pilots for the adaptation and integration of technologies. Task4.3 Operation and optimization of the field pilots. Wastewater treatment performances and Irrigation/treated wastewater reuse performances. Drainage canal water pilot

In the Nile Delta region in Egypt, agriculture represents a crucial economic activity, and all the agricultural surface is irrigated with freshwater ultimately provided by the Nile river through a complex network of canals. Surface irrigation is widely applied, and the excess irrigation water, contaminated with fertilizers and pesticides, is collected by means of an intricate network of drainage water canals. However, several villages in Egypt are still suffering from low sanitation coverage and poor sanitary technology. Therefore, small drainage canals are often used to dispose untreated municipal wastewater (MWW) and industrial wastewater. The contaminated drainage canal water (DCW) is typically discharged in main drains, which eventually discharge in the Mediterranean sea. The treatment of drainage canal water potentially represents an important option for the Nile Delta, with the double purpose to produce water that can be reused for irrigation or for aquaculture and to reduce the pollutant load discharged in the Mediterranean. Thus, simple, low-tech, low-energy water treatment technologies are needed to treat drainage water up to irrigation-quality water. This dataset comprises the concentrations of key parameters measured in the inlet, outlet and in several intermediate sections of the NWRC pilot plant of drainage canal water treatment located near Lake Manzala, Egypt. The NWRC constructed wetland pilot project (250 m3/d) consists of a 500 m3 capacity sedimentation pond and 3 vegetated free water surface wetlands (20*10*1 m and 100 m3 capacity each) The 3 free water surface cells were designed to examine 3 new wetland types as follows: 1. Cascade Hybrid Constructed Wetland (CHCW): Consists of a 0.4-m deep FWS wetland on top of 0.4-m gravel bed subsurface wetland GBSW. A group of metal baffles were fixed at the entrance, exit and middle and inner parts to force water to flow through FWS and GBSW cells to create the maximum treatment paths. Reeds were transplanted at 25 stem/m2 density on top of the gravel surface. 2. Sequent Hybrid Constructed Wetland (SHCW): Consists of 2 0.8-m deep FWS wetland at the entrance and exit of the wetland cells which confines 2 GBSW 0.8-m cells deep between the entrance and the exit. A 0.10-m gravel layer was put above the 0.8-m GBCW cells to create the subsurface aeration conditions. Each treatment part is 5-m long and 10-m wide. A group of metal baffles were fixed at the entrance, exit and middle and inner parts to force water to flow through FWS and GBSW cells to create the maximum treatment paths. Reeds were transplanted at 25 stem/m2 density on top of FWS cells beds and the GBCW surface. 3. Floating beds Constructed Wetland (FBCW, control): A 20*10*0.8 m floating treatment wetland cell (FTW) will be used as a control; Baffles were installed as in the other 2 hybrid wetland cells in order to mimic water flow paths. Reeds plants were planted on recycled floating foam mats 1.0*0.5*0.05 m each. The rooted plants were grown in a shallower water depth for 2 months to enlarge the root length. Prof. Ahmed Rashed of the National Water Research Council of Egypt is the idea owner, planner, designer and operator of the hybrid wetland pilot plant object of this dataset. The construction of the pilot plant was financed by the National Water Research Council of Egypt, whereas the operation of the pilot plant and the scientific elaboration of the monitoring data were conducted by the National Water Research Council of Egypt in cooperation with the partners of the MADFORWATER project.

埃及尼罗河三角洲地区的农业是至关重要的经济支柱产业，所有农业用地均通过尼罗河构建的复杂运河网络获取淡水进行灌溉。地表灌溉技术应用广泛，被化肥与农药污染的过剩灌溉水，会经由错综复杂的排水渠网收集。然而，埃及仍有多个村庄面临卫生覆盖率低下、卫生技术落后的困境，因此小型排水渠常被用于排放未经处理的市政废水（MWW）与工业废水。受污染的排水渠水（DCW）通常会被排入主干排水沟，最终注入地中海。对排水渠水进行处理，是尼罗河三角洲地区的重要可行方案，可实现双重目标：一是产出可用于灌溉或水产养殖的再生水，二是降低排入地中海的污染物负荷。因此，亟需开发简易、低技术、低能耗的水处理技术，将排水水处理至灌溉水质标准。

本数据集涵盖了位于埃及曼扎拉湖附近的国家水研究中心（NWRC，National Water Research Council）排水渠水处理中试厂的进水、出水以及多个中间断面的关键参数浓度。该NWRC人工湿地中试项目处理规模为250 m³/d，包含一座容积500 m³的沉淀池，以及3座植被覆盖的表面流人工湿地（单座容积100 m³，尺寸为20×10×1 m）。

3座表面流湿地单元被设计用于测试3种新型湿地类型，具体如下：
1. 梯级混合人工湿地（CHCW，Cascade Hybrid Constructed Wetland）：由上层0.4 m深的表面流（FWS，Free Water Surface）湿地与下层0.4 m厚砾石床潜流湿地（GBSW，Gravel Bed Subsurface Wetland）组合而成。在入口、出口、中部及内部设置多组金属挡板，迫使水流依次流经表面流与潜流湿地单元，以最大化处理路径。以25株/㎡的密度在砾石床表面移栽芦苇。
2. 串联混合人工湿地（SHCW，Sequent Hybrid Constructed Wetland）：由两座0.8 m深的表面流湿地分别位于湿地单元的入口与出口，两座0.8 m深的砾石床潜流湿地（GBSW）夹于二者之间。在0.8 m深的潜流湿地单元上方铺设0.10 m厚的砾石层，以营造潜流曝气条件。每个处理段长5 m、宽10 m。同样在入口、出口、中部及内部设置金属挡板，迫使水流流经表面流与潜流湿地单元以最大化处理路径。以25株/㎡的密度在表面流湿地床与潜流湿地表面移栽芦苇。
3. 浮动床人工湿地（FBCW，Floating beds Constructed Wetland，对照组）：采用一座20×10×0.8 m的浮动处理湿地（FTW，Floating Treatment Wetland）单元作为对照组。参照前两座混合湿地单元设置挡板，以模拟一致的水流路径。在尺寸为1.0×0.5×0.05 m的回收浮动泡沫垫上种植芦苇，将生根植株在较浅水深中培育2个月以延长根系长度。

本数据集对应的混合湿地中试项目的创意发起、规划、设计与运行均由埃及国家水研究中心的艾哈迈德·拉希德教授负责。中试厂的建设资金由埃及国家水研究中心提供，而中试运行与监测数据的科学分析工作，则由埃及国家水研究中心与MADFORWATER项目合作伙伴共同完成。