Figure a, Figure b.

IntroductionThe transition from custody to community is a critical juncture for people exiting custody, necessitating substantial support. However, the programs and services providing this support are often fragmented and lack a unified approach in terms of terminology, design, resourcing, timing, delivery, and monitoring and evaluation. This study sought to establish an agreed terminology and promote a broader consensus on best practices relating to these programs and services.MethodsWe used a two-phased Delphi methodology to provide a structured, formal, and iterative process for gathering and refining the opinions of subject experts, knowledge holders, and people with lived experiences. Using purposive sampling, 160 national and international participants were invited to participate. Comprehensive study protocol has already been published elsewhere.ResultsThis modified two-phased Delphi study delivers a set of 40 best-practice statements that can be adapted to the individual needs and contexts of different programs and services. These best-practice statements clarify several key themes, including language and terminology, program aims and outcomes, best-practice principles, the significance of an interconnected phased approach, timing related to services and programs, responsibility for funding and coordination of programs, and monitoring and evaluation. This study introduces an umbrella term, ‘Transitional and Post-Release Support Programs (TPSP)’, to describe programs and services for people exiting custody and provides best-practice statements that can enhance access, documentation, monitoring, and evaluation processes.ConclusionThis study underscores the importance of a value-based approach in TPSPs to foster purposive program design and a human rights-aligned approach to service provision for people exiting custody. The use of umbrella term and the best-practice statements will promote the use of humane, dignified language, a streamlined, timely, structured, and collaborative discourse, and a more cohesive approach to service provision for people exiting custody.引言 对于刑满释放人员而言，从羁押状态过渡至社区生活是至关重要的转折点，此时他们亟需多维度的支持。然而，当前提供此类支持的项目与服务往往呈现碎片化特征，在术语体系、设计框架、资源配置、实施时序、服务交付以及监测评估等多个维度均缺乏统一规范。本研究旨在确立一套公认的术语体系，并推动就此类项目与服务的最佳实践形成更广泛的行业共识。 方法 本研究采用两阶段德尔菲（Delphi）法，搭建结构化、正式且迭代的研究流程，以收集并梳理领域专家、知识持有者以及亲历者群体的意见。通过目的性抽样策略，共邀请160名国内外参与者参与本项研究。完整的研究方案已在其他学术刊物发表。 结果 本改良版两阶段德尔菲研究最终形成40条最佳实践表述，可根据不同项目与服务的个性化需求及具体场景进行灵活适配。这些最佳实践表述明确了若干核心主题，涵盖语言与术语规范、项目目标与预期成果、最佳实践原则、衔接联动的分阶段方案的重要性、服务与项目的实施时序、项目的资金保障与协调责任，以及监测评估体系等方面。本研究引入了总括性术语“刑释过渡期与释放后支持项目（Transitional and Post-Release Support Programs, TPSP）”，用以指代面向刑满释放人员的各类支持项目与服务，并提出了可优化服务获取、记录留存、监测及评估流程的最佳实践表述。 结论 本研究强调了在TPSP中采用价值导向方法的重要性，以推动针对性的项目设计，并为刑满释放人员提供符合人权理念的服务供给。通过使用该总括性术语及上述最佳实践表述，将有助于推广人性化、有尊严的话语表达，形成精简高效、及时有序、结构化且具备协作性的行业对话范式，并为刑满释放人员的服务供给构建更具凝聚力的统一模式。