Table_1_Psychometric properties of the Korean version of questionnaires on adherence to physical distancing and health beliefs about COVID-19 in the general population.DOCX

IntroductionWe aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the questionnaires on adherence to physical distancing and health beliefs about COVID-19 in the general population in South Korea. In addition, we investigated how the various sections interacted with each other and with viral anxiety and depression, and ultimately affected adherence to physical distancing.
MethodsAn anonymous online survey was conducted among members of the general population in South Korea between 10 and 18 January 2022. We recruited 400 respondents and measured their demographic information, symptoms, and responses to questions about COVID-19. First, we examined the reliability and validity of the questionnaires, which included questions about people’s adherence to physical distancing guidelines and COVID-19-related health beliefs. Second, we examined the relationship between physical distancing and viral anxiety or depression, as assessed using the six-item Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics (SAVE-6) scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).
ResultsAll 400 participants (204 men, age 41.6 ± 10.8) completed the survey. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good model fit for adherence to physical distancing (CFI = 1.000, TLI = 1.019, RMSEA = 0.000, and SRMR = 0.034) and health beliefs about COVID-19 (CFI = 0.993, TLI = 0.991, RMSEA = 0.030, and SRMR = 0.052). It also showed good reliability for Factor I (Cronbach’s α = 0.826) and Factor II (α = 0.740). Four categories of the COVID-19 health beliefs questionnaire also showed good reliability for perceived susceptibility (α = 0.870), perceived severity (α = 0.901), perceived benefit (α = 0.935), and barriers to following physical distancing (α = 0.833). Structural equation models showed that the effects of health beliefs and viral anxiety and depression were mediated mostly by personal injunctive norms. Goodness-of-fit measures indicated a good fit. (Chi-square = 24.425, df = 7, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.966; RMSEA = 0.079).
ConclusionThe Korean version of the COVID-19 adherence to physical distancing and health beliefs questionnaires showed good reliability and validity in the Korean general population. In addition, the effects of health beliefs, along with viral anxiety and depression, were mainly mediated by personal injunctive norms.

引言：本研究旨在检验韩国普通人群使用的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19，以下简称新冠）社交距离依从性及健康信念问卷韩国版的心理测量学特性；此外，本研究还探讨了问卷各维度间的相互关联，及其与病毒性焦虑、抑郁的交互作用，并最终明确其对社交距离依从性的影响。
方法：本研究于2022年1月10日至18日针对韩国普通人群开展匿名在线调查，共招募400名受访者，收集其人口统计学信息、相关症状表现及新冠相关问卷作答情况。首先，本研究检验了该问卷的信度与效度，问卷涵盖社交距离依从性及新冠相关健康信念相关条目；其次，采用6条目病毒性流行病应激与焦虑量表（Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6, SAVE-6）与患者健康问卷-9（Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9）分别评估病毒性焦虑与抑郁症状，进而分析社交距离依从性与二者的关联。
结果：共计400名参与者完成全部调查（其中男性204名，年龄为41.6±10.8岁）。验证性因子分析（Confirmatory Factor Analysis）结果显示，社交距离依从性量表的模型拟合效果良好（比较拟合指数CFI=1.000，塔克-刘易斯指数TLI=1.019，近似误差均方根RMSEA=0.000，标准化残差均方根SRMR=0.034）；新冠健康信念量表同样具有良好的模型拟合度（CFI=0.993，TLI=0.991，RMSEA=0.030，SRMR=0.052）。两个因子的信度均表现良好（因子Ⅰ克朗巴赫α系数（Cronbach’s α）=0.826，因子Ⅱα=0.740）。新冠健康信念问卷的四个维度同样具备良好信度：感知易感性（α=0.870）、感知严重性（α=0.901）、感知获益性（α=0.935）以及遵守社交距离的阻碍因素（α=0.833）。结构方程模型（Structural Equation Model）结果显示，健康信念、病毒性焦虑与抑郁的影响效应主要通过个人指令性规范介导。拟合优度指标（Goodness-of-fit Measures）表明模型整体拟合良好（卡方值=24.425，自由度df=7，p<0.001；CFI=0.966；RMSEA=0.079）。
结论：新冠社交距离依从性与健康信念问卷韩国版在韩国普通人群中展现出良好的信度与效度。此外，健康信念、病毒性焦虑与抑郁的影响效应主要通过个人指令性规范发挥中介作用。