GHRSST Level 2P Global Bulk Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-16 satellite (GDS version 1)

A global Level 2P Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-16 platform (launched on 21 Sep 2000). The AVHRR is a space-borne scanning sensor on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) having a operational legacy that traces back to the Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N (TIROS-N) launched in 1978. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive sea surface temperature (SST) sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. The NOAA platforms are sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. This particular dataset is derived from Global Area Coverage (GAC) binary AVHRR SST binary data originally produced by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO) and downloaded from the NASA Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC). GAC data provide daily subsampled global coverage recorded on tape recorders and then transmitted to a ground station. Finally, L2P data products are derived following the GHRSST-PP Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 1.5 including Single Sensor Error Statistics (SSES).

本数据集为高分辨率海表温度工作组（Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature, GHRSST）推出的全球L2P级数据集，其基于NOAA-16平台（2000年9月21日发射）上搭载的先进甚高分辨率辐射计（Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, AVHRR）的多通道海表温度（Sea Surface Temperature, SST）反演结果构建。AVHRR是美国国家海洋和大气管理局（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA）极轨环境卫星（Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites, POES）系列搭载的星载扫描传感器，其运行沿革可追溯至1978年发射的泰罗斯-N（Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N, TIROS-N）。AVHRR仪器可测量地球在5（或6）个相对宽谱波段的辐射亮度，前两个波段的中心波长分别位于红光（0.6微米）和近红外（0.9微米）区域，第三个波段位于3.5微米附近，最后两个波段分别采样11微米和12微米附近的地球热辐射。传统的5波段AVHRR仪器被称为AVHRR/2，而最新版本AVHRR/3（首次搭载于NOAA-15平台）新增了1.6微米的第6通道用于数据采集。通常可利用11微米和12微米波段反演海表温度，部分场景下还会结合3.5微米波段。当前AVHRR仪器在星下点可获得的最高地面分辨率为1.1千米。NOAA卫星平台采用太阳同步轨道，由于AVHRR的刈幅宽度约为2400千米，因此通常每天可两次观测到同一地球位置（观测频次随纬度变化）。本数据集源自美国海军海洋学办公室（US Naval Oceanographic Office, NAVO）原始生成的全球区域覆盖（Global Area Coverage, GAC）二进制AVHRR海表温度数据，并从美国国家航空航天局（National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA）物理海洋学分布式主动存档中心（Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center, PO.DAAC）下载获取。GAC数据通过磁带记录仪记录每日降采样的全球观测数据，随后传输至地面站。最终生成的L2P级数据产品遵循高分辨率海表温度处理计划（GHRSST-PP）的数据处理规范（Data Processing Specification, GDS）1.5版本制作，其中包含单传感器误差统计（Single Sensor Error Statistics, SSES）。