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The attainment of regional high-quality development necessitates the critical role of the digital economy in facilitating the transformation of industrial structures. This study intends to investigate the effect of the digital economy on industrial structure transformation from the perspective of innovation factor allocation using a panel dataset of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region for the period from 2011 to 2020. This paper considers four dimensions to measure the level of industrial structure transformation i.e. industrial structure servitization, industrial structure upgradation, service industry structure upgradation and industrial interaction level. The results of the study suggest that the digital economy can significantly improve industrial structure transformation. The results remain consistent even after several robustness checks. Further, the analysis of the mechanism of action shows that the digital economy can promote industrial structure transformation by optimizing the innovation factor allocation. The study provides several policy implications for the digital economy and its role in the promotion of industrial structure transformation.实现区域高质量发展，亟需数字经济在推动产业结构转型中发挥关键作用。本研究基于2011-2020年长三角地区41座城市的面板数据，从创新要素配置视角探究数字经济对产业结构转型的影响效应。本文从四个维度测度产业结构转型水平，分别为产业结构服务化、产业结构高级化、服务业结构高级化以及产业互动水平。研究结果表明，数字经济可显著推动产业结构转型；经过多重稳健性检验后，该结论依然成立。进一步的作用机制分析显示，数字经济可通过优化创新要素配置，推动产业结构转型。本研究可为数字经济发展及其在推动产业结构转型中的作用提供若干政策启示。