<p>Source and types of data.</p>

Land suitability analysis is a key approach for evaluating the potential of land resources for specific uses and for supporting sustainable agricultural planning. In Ethiopia, where agriculture forms the backbone of rural livelihoods, identifying suitable land for staple crops is essential to ensure food security and long-term productivity. This study evaluated the actual land suitability for enset (Ensete ventricosum) cultivation in the Hadiya Zone, Central Ethiopia, by systematically comparing the spatial distribution of key environmental factors with established enset crop requirement standards. For each parameter, spatial data were overlaid with enset-specific ecological thresholds derived from relevant literature and expert consultation. Based on the FAO land evaluation framework, all factors were classified into five suitability classes: Very Highly Suitable (S1), Highly Suitable (S2), Moderately Suitable (S3), Marginally Suitable (N1), and Permanently Not Suitable (N2), enabling the identification of spatial variability in enset suitability and supporting subsequent multi-criteria evaluation and weighted overlay analysis. The analysis evaluated criteria such as soil properties (type, depth, organic carbon content, pH, and texture), topographic situation (slope and elevation), climate variables (rainfall and temperature), and LULC. The integrated analysis revealed that enset cultivation is highly favorable across most of the study area, with 57.72% classified as highly suitable (S1), 36.89% as moderately suitable (S2), 0.16% as marginally suitable (S3), and 5.23% as currently not suitable (N1), while no areas were identified as permanently unsuitable (N2). Overall, the results highlight the strong natural potential of the Hadiya Zone for enset cultivation, although localized constraints related to soil fertility, water availability, and slope conditions may require targeted management interventions.土地适宜性分析是评估特定用途土地资源潜力、支撑可持续农业规划的核心方法。在以农业为农村生计支柱的埃塞俄比亚，为主食作物划定适宜种植土地对保障粮食安全与长期生产能力至关重要。本研究通过将关键环境因子的空间分布与已确立的恩塞特芭蕉（Ensete ventricosum）种植需求标准进行系统比对，评估了埃塞俄比亚中部哈迪亚地区恩塞特芭蕉种植的实际土地适宜性。针对各参数，研究将空间数据与从相关文献及专家咨询中获取的恩塞特芭蕉专属生态阈值进行叠加分析。本研究基于联合国粮食及农业组织（Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO）土地评价框架，将所有因子划分为五类适宜性等级：极高度适宜（S1）、高度适宜（S2）、中度适宜（S3）、边际适宜（N1）以及永久不适宜（N2），以此识别恩塞特芭蕉适宜性的空间异质性，并为后续多准则评价与加权叠加分析提供支撑。本次分析评估的指标包括土壤属性（类型、厚度、有机碳含量、pH值与质地）、地形条件（坡度与海拔）、气候变量（降雨量与气温）以及土地利用与土地覆被（Land Use and Land Cover, LULC）。综合分析结果显示，研究区内绝大多数区域均适宜种植恩塞特芭蕉：57.72%的区域被归类为高度适宜（S1），36.89%为中度适宜（S2），0.16%为边际适宜（S3），5.23%为当前不适宜（N1），未发现永久不适宜（N2）的区域。总体而言，研究结果表明哈迪亚地区具备种植恩塞特芭蕉的优异自然潜力，但部分区域存在土壤肥力、水资源可得性与坡度条件等限制因素，需采取针对性管理措施。