Table 11_Transcriptome and metabolome profiling reveal the chlorogenic acid as a resistance substance for rice against the white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horváth).xlsx

The white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) is a major migratory pest of rice, making research on rice resistance to WBPH essential for rice breeding and pest management. This study compared the resistance of susceptible rice TN1 and resistant rice KL35 to WBPH by analyzing antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance. We also conducted transcriptome and metabolome analysis to identify the defensive compounds against the WBPH and regulatory genes in KL35. The results indicated that KL35 exhibited significant antixenosis and tolerance to WBPH, markedly prolonging developmental duration and reducing fecundity. Metabolomic analysis identified 15 core metabolites, among which chlorogenic acid (CGA) content in KL35 was significantly higher than in TN1 both before and after WBPH feeding. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway was a key anti-pest pathway in KL35. Additionally, two genes cinnamate 4-hydroxylase gene (Os05g0320700) and 4-coumarate CoA ligase (Os02g0697400) were identified and postulated as key players in the CGA biosynthesis pathway in KL35. Exogenous application of CGA to TN1 enhanced its tolerance and antixenosis to WBPH, significantly decreasing WBPH’s survival and mean dry weight. These findings suggest that CGA is an important resistance substance against WBPH. As a plant-derived and environment-friendly compound, CGA could be a potentially important compound for rice WBPH resistance agriculture.

白背飞虱（white-backed planthopper, WBPH），学名Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)，是水稻的主要迁飞性害虫，因此开展水稻抗白背飞虱研究对水稻育种与害虫综合治理至关重要。
本研究以感虫水稻品种TN1与抗虫水稻品种KL35为试验材料，通过测定排趋性(antixenosis)、抗生性(antibiosis)与耐害性(tolerance)，比较二者对白背飞虱的抗性差异。同时开展转录组(transcriptome)与代谢组(metabolome)分析，以鉴定KL35中抗白背飞虱的防御性化合物及调控基因。
研究结果表明，KL35对白背飞虱表现出显著的排趋性与耐害性，可显著延长白背飞虱的发育历期并降低其繁殖力。代谢组分析共鉴定出15种核心代谢物，其中无论白背飞虱取食前后，KL35中的绿原酸(chlorogenic acid, CGA)含量均显著高于TN1。
整合转录组与代谢组分析显示，类黄酮生物合成通路是KL35抗虫的关键通路。此外，本研究鉴定到肉桂酸-4-羟化酶基因(cinnamate 4-hydroxylase gene, Os05g0320700)与4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4-coumarate CoA ligase, Os02g0697400)，推测二者为KL35中绿原酸生物合成通路的关键调控基因。
向TN1外源施加绿原酸后，其对白背飞虱的耐害性与排趋性均得到提升，可显著降低白背飞虱的存活率与平均干重。
上述研究结果表明，绿原酸是水稻抗白背飞虱的重要抗性物质。作为一种植物来源且环境友好的化合物，绿原酸有望成为水稻抗白背飞虱农业生产中的潜在重要制剂。