Characteristics of all included studies.

The last decade has seen a steady rise in self-harm rates in young people in developed countries. Understanding the experience of self-harm in young people can provide insight into what may be driving this increase. The aim of the current review was therefore to synthesise qualitative research examining precipitating and motivating factors underlying self-harm in young people. PsychInfo, Embase and Medline were systematically searched for articles published up to September 2024. A total of 50 qualitative studies (study N ranging from 3–115) were identified, and key findings were synthesised using Attride-Stirling’s Thematic Network Analysis process. The quality of included studies was assessed using a modified version of two Joanna-Briggs Institute Checklists. Control was identified as a global theme. Precipitants were informed by young people’s perception of an absence of control and the desire to gain control was identified as an underlying motivation for self-harm. The findings from this review highlight the need to support and educate young people to improve their distress tolerance, particularly in respect to situations outside of their control. Furthermore, therapeutic interventions, and training and educational programs targeting young people who self-harm and their family members might be effective interventions for self-harm in young people.近十年来，发达国家青少年的自伤率呈稳步上升趋势。深入了解青少年的自伤经历，有助于剖析推动这一增长的潜在动因。因此，本综述旨在对探究青少年自伤诱因与驱动因素的质性研究进行综合分析。研究系统检索了截至2024年9月发表的PsychInfo、Embase及Medline数据库中的相关文献。最终纳入50项质性研究（样本量范围为3至115），并采用Attride-Stirling提出的主题网络分析（Thematic Network Analysis）流程对关键研究结果进行综合。采用经修订的两份乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（Joanna Briggs Institute）核查表，对纳入研究的质量进行评估。“掌控感”被确定为核心主题。青少年感知到的失控感是自伤的诱因，而重获掌控感的渴望则被认定为自伤的潜在驱动动机。本综述结果表明，亟需为青少年提供支持与教育，以提升其痛苦耐受能力，尤其是在应对自身无法掌控的情境时。此外，针对自伤青少年及其家属的治疗干预、培训与教育项目，或可成为缓解青少年自伤问题的有效干预手段。