Victims of Crime Survey 1998 - South Africa

Abstract
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The victims of crime survey 1998 was commissioned by the South African Department of Safety and Security (DSS), and undertaken by Statistics South Africa (Stats SA). The first national survey of its kind in South Africa, this countrywide, household-based survey examines crime from the point of view of the victim. While surveys of crime victims cannot replace police statistics, they can provide a rich source of information which will assist in the planning of crime prevention. A victim survey can also examine the extent of reporting of crime, explore the perceptions that different people have about the police and police services, and act as a benchmark against which future surveys of the same nature can be compared.

Geographic coverage
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The survey has national coverage

Analysis unit
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Households and individuals

Universe
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The survey covered all households in South Africa

Kind of data
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Sample survey data

Sampling procedure
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The sample consisted of 4 000 people aged 16 years or more. It was drawn in three stages. Firstly, a probability sample of 800 enumerator areas (EAs) was drawn from the sampling frame of 86 000 EAs, as demarcated for the 1996 population census. This sample was stratified explicitly by province, and implicitly by the 42 police districts of the country. Secondly, within each of the 800 EAs, five households were selected for interviewing, using systematic sampling. Thirdly, one respondent aged 16 years or more was selected to be interviewed in each of the five households in each sampled EA. This person was chosen using a table of random numbers. Once a respondent had been selected, fieldworkers were instructed to make sure that they interviewed only that specific person and nobody else. In case of non-contacts with that person, repeated callbacks (at least three) had to be made. There were no substitutions for refusals or non-contacts.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The survey questionnaire was based on a standard international questionnaire, but with certain modifications for use in South Africa. The international questionnaire covered eleven main crimes, including theft of a car or other motor vehicle, theft from a car or other vehicle, car vandalism, theft of a motor cycle or scooter, theft of a bicycle, burglary or housebreaking, attempted burglary, robbery with force, personal theft, sexual incidents and assault and two supplementary crimes (consumer fraud and corruption). In the South African questionnaire, the following crimes were added on the recommendation of the advisory committee to meet specific South African needs: theft of livestock, poultry and other animals, hijacking or attempted hijacking of vehicles, deliberate damage, burning or destruction of dwellings and deliberate killing or murder.

A control questionnaire was administered by the fieldwork supervisor in one of the five households selected for participation in each enumerator area. This served as a check on the accuracy of the random selection process of the individual in the household, and of the quality of information collected. The survey was favourably received, and 97% of the sample was realised.

Cleaning operations
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The processes of computer programming, data capture and data analysis involved several steps:
A tabulation plan was drawn up beforehand to assist with writing the computer programme for data capture. The data-input programme, containing both range and consistency checks, was written by a programmer working in Stats SA's Directorate of Household Surveys. Coding of the questionnaires and data capture were handled by temporary staff. Once the capturing was completed, additional editing programmes were written, and then the data-cleaning process was completed. Tables from the dataset, based on the tabulation plan, and the data set itself were then made available for analysis and report-writing.

摘要
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1998年犯罪受害者调查由南非安全与安全部（DSS）委托，由南非统计局（Stats SA）执行。这是南非首次进行的此类全国性、基于家庭的调查，从受害者的视角审视犯罪现象。虽然犯罪受害者调查无法替代警方统计数据，但它能够提供丰富的信息资源，有助于犯罪预防计划的制定。犯罪受害者调查还可以考察犯罪报告的范围，探究不同人群对警方及警务服务的认知，并作为未来同类调查的基准进行比较。
地理覆盖范围
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调查覆盖全国。
分析单元
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家庭和个人。
总体
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调查覆盖南非所有家庭。
数据类型
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样本调查数据。
抽样程序
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样本包括4,000名16岁及以上的人群。抽样分为三个阶段进行。首先，从86,000个抽样框中的800个抽样区域（EAs）中抽取了概率样本，这些抽样区域是根据1996年人口普查划分的。该样本在省份层面进行明确分层，在国家42个警察管辖区层面进行隐含分层。其次，在每一个800个抽样区域中，通过系统抽样选择了五个家庭进行访谈。第三，在每个抽样区域的五个家庭中，各随机选择一名16岁或以上的受访者进行访谈。此人通过随机数表进行选择。一旦受访者被选定，调查员被指示只能采访该特定人员，不得采访他人。如果无法联系到该受访者，需要进行至少三次的重复回访。对于拒绝或无法联系的情况，不予替换。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]。
研究工具
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调查问卷基于标准国际问卷，但针对南非的使用进行了某些修改。国际问卷涵盖了包括汽车或其它机动车盗窃、从汽车或其它车辆中盗窃、汽车破坏、摩托车或踏板车盗窃、自行车盗窃、入室盗窃或破门而入、企图盗窃、暴力抢劫、人身盗窃、性事件和袭击等十一类主要犯罪，以及两类补充犯罪（消费者欺诈和腐败）。根据咨询委员会的建议，针对南非的特定需求，南非问卷中增加了以下犯罪：牲畜、家禽和其它动物盗窃、车辆抢劫或企图抢劫、故意破坏、住宅焚烧或毁坏、故意杀人或谋杀。
在每一个抽样区域选定的五个参与家庭中，由现场工作人员进行一项控制问卷的发放。这作为检查家庭中个人随机选择过程的准确性以及收集信息质量的一种手段。调查得到了积极的反响，样本实现率达到了97%。
数据清理操作
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计算机编程、数据采集和数据分析的过程涉及多个步骤：事先制定了一个表格计划，以协助编写数据采集的计算机程序。数据输入程序由Stats SA的家庭调查司程序员编写，其中包含范围和一致性检查。问卷编码和数据采集由临时工作人员处理。一旦采集完成，编写了额外的编辑程序，随后完成了数据清理过程。根据表格计划，基于数据集的表格以及数据集本身随后可用于分析和报告撰写。