Summary of characteristics of participants living in Dedza and Mangochi Districts.

Values are percentages of total enrolled population. Brackets show 95% confidence intervals. 1 Pearson's Chi-square test for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables. P values less than 0.05 are in bold. 2 Taking into account samples in which Plasmodium was detected by PCR but not by microscopy (i.e. present only at sub-microscopic levels), for which density was assumed to be 10 parasites per µl of blood for each species detected. 3 People treated with anti-malarials during the study were those with high parasite densities or at greater risk of progression to severe malaria, as defined in Enrolment and sample collection section of Materials and Methods.

所有数值均为纳入研究总人群的百分比，括号内标注95%置信区间（95% confidence intervals）。
1 分类变量采用Pearson卡方（Pearson's Chi-square）检验，连续变量采用曼-惠特尼U（Mann-Whitney U）检验；P值小于0.05的结果以粗体标识。
2 纳入经聚合酶链式反应（PCR）检出疟原虫（Plasmodium）但未通过显微镜检测到的样本（即仅存在亚显微感染），此类样本中每种检出疟原虫的密度均按每微升血液10个寄生虫进行估算。
3 本研究中接受抗疟药物治疗的受试者，为寄生虫密度较高或进展为重症疟疾风险较高者，其判定标准详见《材料与方法》章节中的「入组与样本采集」部分。