Misericordia: riconoscimento e amore nel paradosso del dono

The call of the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy has accentuated the need to return to his substantial meaning of forgiveness and gift. Pope Francis wanted to give back to the concept a substantial importance, interpreting it as an act of justice towards the last ones, to be lived in everyday gestures and actions, since his trip to Lampedusa where he prayed for migrants coming from Africa. He has also appealed to everyone's responsibility in favor of people in dire need. The following text is dealing with the issue of gift, providing to trace the aspects which characterize it, according to a sociological dimension and to highlight both the paradoxal and the rational aspects that bring us back to the speech about recognition and love. Starting from the utilitarian reflection about gift proposed by the first sociologists Comte, Durkheim, Spencer, Morgan and Taylor, we pass through the vision of Mauss, the first to highlight the relational aspects, later resumed from Caillè and Godbout, which shifted the focus on the importance of reciprocity, premise of the real altruism. The speech moves after on Donati and his active vision of "reciprocity principle", the only one who can represent, he says, the key of the bond between solidarity and subsidiarity.

慈悲特殊禧年（Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy）的号召，凸显了回归其关于宽恕与馈赠之核心意蕴的迫切需求。教皇方济各旨在赋予这一概念以核心地位，将其阐释为对最弱势者的正义之举，需体现在日常的言行之中——这一理念源于他造访兰佩杜萨岛、为来自非洲的移民祈祷的经历。他同时呼吁人人肩负起帮扶危难民众的责任。
下述文本将围绕馈赠议题展开，旨在从社会学维度梳理其核心特征，并凸显其兼具悖论性与理性的双重面向，回溯至关于承认与爱的相关论述。研究始于早期社会学家孔德（Comte）、涂尔干（Durkheim）、斯宾塞（Spencer）、摩根（Morgan）与泰勒（Taylor）提出的馈赠功利主义审视，继而转向马塞尔·莫斯（Mauss）的理论视角：他是首位凸显馈赠关系面向的学者，后续该视角由凯耶（Caillè）与古博（Godbout）继承发展，将研究重心转向互惠的重要性——而互惠正是真正利他主义的前提。其后的论述转向多纳蒂（Donati）及其提出的"互惠原则"能动视角，他认为该原则是维系团结与辅助性原则之间联结的核心所在。