GENDER IN CHILDREN'S SPEECH: RUSSIAN-UZBEK COMPARISONS

The article presents a comparative analysis of gender features in children's speech based on the Russian and Uzbek languages. The study examines differences in the acquisition of grammatical categories, lexico-semantic preferences of boys and girls, as well as the influence of cultural factors on the formation of gender-marked expressions in speech ontogenesis. The empirical basis of the research includes data from spontaneous speech of preschool children, parental diaries from ontolinguistic research archives, as well as materials from literary and folklore texts. The analysis shows that, along with universal tendencies (earlier acquisition of morphology by girls, predominance of the "referential style" in boys), significant culture-specific differences are observed: in the Uzbek language, gender differentiation of speech is reinforced by morphological means of expressing respect and the system of address, whereas in Russian, gender differences manifest primarily at the level of grammatical gender and syntactic constructions.本研究针对俄语（Russian）与乌兹别克语（Uzbek）语境下的儿童言语性别特征展开对比分析。研究考察了男童与女童在语法范畴习得、词汇语义偏好上的差异，同时探讨了文化因素对言语发生发展过程中性别标记表达形成的影响。本研究的实证基础涵盖学前儿童自然言语语料、取自语言个体发生学（ontolinguistic）研究档案的家长观察日记，以及文学与民间文学文本材料。分析结果显示，除普遍存在的发展趋势（女童更早掌握语法形态，男童更倾向于使用指称型言语风格（referential style））之外，还存在显著的文化特异性差异：在乌兹别克语中，言语的性别分化通过表达敬意的形态手段与称谓系统得到强化；而在俄语中，性别差异主要体现在语法性范畴（grammatical gender）与句法结构层面。