Parasite responses to resource provisioning can be altered by within-host co-infection interactions

Anthropogenic changes to the environment significantly impact wildlife infectious diseases by modifying food resources and impacting host-parasite interactions through changes in host demography, behaviour, and immune defences. Supplemental resource provisioning has been found to both enhance and mitigate parasite transmission; however, the role of co-infecting parasites in mediating these effects remains understudied. We developed a mathematical model to explore these dynamics, motivated by the empirical system of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) infected with the nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus, which suppresses co-infections by the apicomplexan microparasite Eimeria hungaryensis. Our model shows that the effects of resource provisioning on parasite epidemiology can be mediated, and potentially reversed, by within-host co-infection interactions, through effects on host-parasite contact rates and host susceptibility. Provisioning may elevate microparasite prevalence by reducing nemat..., , , # Parasite responses to resource provisioning can be altered by within-host co-infection interactions

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.msbcc2g72](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.msbcc2g72)

## Description of the data and file structure

### Files and variables

#### File: Data_coinfection.RData

**Description:** data for co-infection model - *Heligmosomoides polygyrus* infective stage counts and number of *Eimeria hungaryensis* infected mice (*Apodemus sylvaticus* ) per week 

#### File: Data_population.RData

**Description:** data for population dynamics model - collected *Apodemus sylvaticus* per week

## Code/software

### Overview

This repository contains R code and Mathematica scripts for parameter estimation and analysis of two models: a population dynamics model and a coinfection model.

### Directory Structure

#### 1. `population_model/`

Contains all necessary scripts and data for estimating parameters of the population dynamics model.

**Key files:**

* `main_population.R`: The...,

人类活动引发的环境变化可通过改变食物资源，以及通过宿主种群动态、行为与免疫防御的变化影响宿主-寄生虫互作，进而对野生动物传染性疾病产生显著影响。已有研究表明，人工补充食物资源既能促进也能抑制寄生虫的传播，但共感染寄生虫在调控此类效应中所扮演的角色仍未得到充分研究。
本研究以受多形螺旋线虫（Heligmosomoides polygyrus）感染的林姬鼠（Apodemus sylvaticus）这一实证系统为基础，开发了数学模型以探究此类动态——该线虫可抑制宿主被顶复门微寄生虫（apicomplexan microparasite）匈牙利艾美耳球虫（Eimeria hungaryensis）的共感染。
本模型结果显示，资源补充对寄生虫流行病学的影响可通过宿主内共感染互作进行调控，甚至发生逆转，其作用途径包括改变宿主-寄生虫接触率与宿主易感性。补充食物可能通过降低线虫[原文未完成]提升微寄生虫的感染率……
# 资源补充下的寄生虫响应可因宿主内共感染互作发生改变
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.msbcc2g72

## 数据与文件结构说明
### 文件与变量
#### 文件：Data_coinfection.RData
**说明：** 共感染模型所用数据——每周多形螺旋线虫（Heligmosomoides polygyrus）感染期幼虫计数，以及受匈牙利艾美耳球虫（Eimeria hungaryensis）感染的林姬鼠（Apodemus sylvaticus）数量
#### 文件：Data_population.RData
**说明：** 种群动态模型所用数据——每周采集的林姬鼠（Apodemus sylvaticus）样本量

## 代码与软件
### 概述
本代码库包含用于两类模型（种群动态模型与共感染模型）的参数估计与分析的R代码及Mathematica脚本。
### 目录结构
#### 1. `population_model/`
包含种群动态模型参数估计所需的全部脚本与数据。
**核心文件：**
* `main_population.R`: [原文未完成]