The extension of ‘agro’ and toxic: the health and environmental in indigenous land Marãiwatsédé, Mato Grosso

Abstract Background Agricultural crops is directly relation to the use of pesticides, pollution the environment and people mainly from agricultural regions. The state of Mato Grosso, the indigenous land (IL) Marãiwatsédé, Xavante territory was occupied since 1950 by non-indigenous that environmental transformed by agricultural and farming until 2012. When the Xavante returns to Marãiwatsédé, denunciation of infant deaths by suspected pesticides water contamination motivated this study. Objective To verify the residues of pesticides in the water and to discuss a dynamic of insertion of agriculture in the Marãiwatsédé and region. Method It was quantified a planted area, pesticide consumption, realized chemical analysis in water and river sediment, and character environment this IL and surroundings. Results Annually increase planted area in the region Marãiwatsédé with increase pesticide consumption. It was detected permethrin residue in the water at concentration to 0.19 μg/L. There were crops in activity on the edge of IL. Conclusion The permethrin found in water was levels were lower than the limit established by Brazilian legislation but like to Europe legislation, more restrictive. However, this crops in activity the edge Marãiwatsédé are continuous emission sources of pesticides, which allows new pollutions.

【背景】农业生产与农药使用直接相关，环境污染及人体健康风险主要源自农业区域。马托格罗索州境内的沙万特（Xavante）原住民领地Marãiwatsédé（原住民土地（Indigenous Land, IL））自1950年起被非原住民占据，当地土地被改造用于农业生产，这一状况持续至2012年。当沙万特族人重返Marãiwatsédé领地后，因疑似农药污染水源导致婴儿死亡的举报事件，促使本研究开展。
【目的】检测水体中的农药残留，并探讨农业在Marãiwatsédé领地及周边区域的融入动态。
【方法】本研究对种植面积与农药使用量进行量化，对水体及河流沉积物开展化学分析，并对该原住民领地及其周边区域的环境状况进行表征。
【结果】Marãiwatsédé领地及周边区域的种植面积逐年增加，农药使用量亦同步攀升。在水体样本中检出氯菊酯（permethrin）残留，浓度为0.19 μg/L。该原住民领地的边界区域存在正在开展的农业种植活动。
【结论】本次检出的水体中氯菊酯残留浓度低于巴西相关立法规定的限值，但接近欧盟更为严苛的标准限值。然而，Marãiwatsédé领地边界的在营农业活动属于持续性农药排放源，存在引发新一轮环境污染的风险。