Performance and selection of tomato cultivars for organic cultivation in greenhouse

ABSTRACT Production of tomato fruits in organic systems has difficulties such as the use of adequate cultivars. The hypothesis is that organic cultivation has strength dependency of the selection of appropriate genotypes to increase the economic viability of fruit production. The present work aimed to test and obtain, under organic greenhouse system, cultivars of tomato with good fruit productivity. Tomato cultivars, hybrids and non-hybrids, were evaluated with indetermined (tutoring and stripping) and determined growth habit (free growth). In the first cultivation, we observed symptoms of nutritional deficiency in fruiting stage of tomato plants, resulting in very low productivity of fruits, with maximum of 1.8 kg/plant for the Serato hybrid. In the second year of cultivation, the additions and increases in fertilizing management increased the fruit productivity in all cultivars - in Serato, to 3.1 kg/plant, and in Predador, to 2.8 kg/plant. The hybrid Candieiro, with determined habit growth, resulted in 2.0 kg/plant of fruits. The use of hybrids with genetic resistance to some important pests and diseases, associated with increases and adequate fertilizing management, were primordial factors to increase fruit productivity in tomato under organic systems in greenhouse.

摘要 有机体系下番茄果实生产面临的核心难题之一为适宜品种的选用。本研究提出假设：有机栽培对适宜基因型的筛选存在较强依赖性，以此提升果实生产的经济可行性。本研究旨在有机温室栽培体系下，筛选并培育出果实产量优良的番茄品种。试验评估了涵盖杂交种与非杂交种的各类番茄品种，涉及两类生长习性：无限生长型（需搭架整枝）与有限生长型（可放任生长）。首轮栽培试验中，番茄植株坐果期出现营养缺素症状，导致果实产量极低，其中Serato杂交种的最高产量仅为1.8 kg/株。次年栽培试验中，通过优化并提升施肥管理措施，所有品种的果实产量均得到提升：Serato杂交种产量达3.1 kg/株，Predador品种达2.8 kg/株，有限生长型的Candieiro杂交种产量为2.0 kg/株。选用对部分重要病虫害具备遗传抗性的杂交品种，配合优化完善的施肥管理措施，是提升有机温室番茄果实产量的核心因素。