ANOVA results for different station types.

As urban rail transit expands, systematic evidence remains limited on how the built environment influences cultural perception among passengers. This study identifies the main determinants of cultural perception, tests whether perception of nearby public cultural facilities mediates these effects, and examines heterogeneity by station type. Using metro stations in central Shanghai as a case, we compute the Shannon diversity index of nearby public cultural facilities within the 500 m station area and apply Anselin Local Moran’s I to classify 90 stations into four types: High-High cluster, High-Low outlier, Low-High outlier, and Low-Low cluster. Questionnaire data from 12 representative stations (n = 414) are analyzed with structural equation modeling, and differences across station types are assessed with a one-way analysis of variance. Results indicate that interior spatial design satisfaction has the strongest positive association with cultural perception, followed by entrance and exit design satisfaction. Perception of nearby public cultural facilities is positively associated with cultural perception and partially mediates the association between interior spatial design satisfaction and cultural perception. Station types differ significantly in interior spatial design satisfaction, entrance and exit design satisfaction, perception of nearby public cultural facilities, and cultural perception, with High-High cluster highest, Low-Low cluster lowest, and High-Low outlier and Low-High outlier in between. This study incorporates the subjective perception of nearby public cultural facilities into the framework for cultural perception in metro stations, clarifies direct and mediated pathways, and provides type specific implications for factor prioritization and station stratification in upgrades and retrofits across different network contexts.

随着城市轨道交通网络持续扩张，学界关于建成环境如何影响乘客文化感知的系统性实证研究仍较为匮乏。本研究明确了地铁车站文化感知的核心影响因素，检验了周边公共文化设施（public cultural facilities）感知是否在上述影响路径中发挥中介作用，并基于车站类型展开异质性分析。本研究以上海中心城区的地铁车站为研究案例，计算车站500米服务半径范围内周边公共文化设施的香农多样性指数（Shannon diversity index），并采用安瑟林局部莫兰I指数（Anselin Local Moran’s I）将90座车站划分为四类：高-高集聚区、高-低异常值型、低-高异常值型以及低-低集聚区。本研究采用结构方程模型（structural equation modeling）对12个代表性车站的414份有效问卷数据进行分析，并通过单因素方差分析（one-way analysis of variance）检验不同车站类型间的差异。研究结果显示，站内空间设计满意度与文化感知的正向关联强度最高，其次是出入口设计满意度；周边公共文化设施感知与文化感知呈显著正相关，且在站内空间设计满意度与文化感知的关联中发挥部分中介作用。不同车站类型在站内空间设计满意度、出入口设计满意度、周边公共文化设施感知以及文化感知四个维度上均存在显著差异：高-高集聚区得分最高，低-低集聚区得分最低，高-低异常值型与低-高异常值型得分介于二者之间。本研究将周边公共文化设施的主观感知纳入地铁车站文化感知研究框架，厘清了直接影响与中介影响路径，并针对不同轨道交通网络场景下的车站升级改造工作，为影响因素优先级排序与车站分类施策提供了针对性的实践启示。