Table_1_Friends, followers, peers, and posts: adolescents' in-person and online friendship networks and social media use influences on friendship closeness via the importance of technology for social connection.DOCX

IntroductionWith the proliferation of smartphones, social media access and use is ubiquitous. As such, many adolescent friendships now comprise both in-person and online contexts. Our paper explores the relationship between these contexts in two parts: the first is an exploratory comparison of in-person and online friendship networks with peers at school using descriptive social network analysis; the second, an investigation of how the use of different social media platforms relates to the importance placed on social media for connectedness and friendship closeness.
MethodsParticipants were 547 adolescents (M = 15.25 years, 52% male, 55% white) from six schools in Southern Ontario, Canada. Participants completed a peer nomination survey on their relationships with peers at school and a self-report survey on social media use.
ResultsWhile in-person and online networks are largely overlapping, there are important differences between the two. Results from the path analyses suggest that length of cell phone usage, Instagram, Snapchat, and YouTube were positively associated with the importance placed on technology for social connection and that this importance was also positively associated with feelings of friendship closeness. Daily cell phone usage, Instagram, and Snapchat use were positively indirectly associated with friendship closeness through the importance of technology for social connection.
DiscussionOur findings also suggest slight gender differences, with daily time spent on a smartphone only significantly positively associated with the importance of technology for social connection for girls. Implications for future study are discussed.

引言 随着智能手机的普及，社交媒体的获取与使用已无处不在。当前，许多青少年的友谊同时涵盖线下与线上两种社交场景。本研究从两个维度探究这两类社交场景之间的关联：其一，采用描述性社交网络分析，对校内同龄人的线下与线上友谊网络开展探索性比较；其二，探究不同社交媒体平台的使用情况，与个体将社交媒体视作维系社交联结、增进友谊亲密度的重要性之间的内在联系。

研究方法 本研究的参与者为来自加拿大安大略省南部6所学校的547名青少年（平均年龄15.25岁，男性占比52%，白人占比55%）。参与者完成了两项调查：一项是针对校内同伴关系的同伴提名问卷，另一项是关于社交媒体使用行为的自我报告问卷。

研究结果 尽管线下与线上社交网络大体重合，但二者仍存在不容忽视的显著差异。路径分析结果表明：手机使用总时长、Instagram、Snapchat及YouTube的使用频率，与个体将技术作为维系社交联结的重要性呈显著正相关；而这种对技术社交价值的重视程度，同样与个体感知到的友谊亲密度呈正相关。此外，每日手机使用时长、Instagram及Snapchat的使用，可通过个体对技术维系社交联结的重视程度，间接正向影响友谊亲密度。

讨论 本研究结果还揭示出细微的性别差异：仅在女性群体中，每日智能手机使用时长与个体对技术维系社交联结的重视程度呈显著正相关。本文最后探讨了本研究对未来相关研究的启示方向。