Advanced porous nanomaterials as superior adsorbents for environmental pollutants removal from aqueous solutions

Advanced porous nanomaterials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) with high specific surface areas, abundant functional groups, accessible pore structures, tunable pore sizes, and easy modification are attractive as adsorbents for the capture of toxic heavy metal ions, organic pollutants, and radionuclides from aqueous solutions. This review first comprehensively introduces the attractive properties of MOFs, COFs, and PAFs to highlight their advantages as adsorbents. Subsequently, the recent progress of MOFs, COFs, and PAFs as superior adsorbents for the efficient removal of environmental pollutants is summarized. Furthermore, the influences of environmental conditions and information about the interaction mechanisms between pollutants and advanced porous nanomaterials are discussed. Finally, the applications and promising prospects of advanced porous nanomaterials in environmental pollution management are summarized. This review is beneficial to designing and fabricating advanced porous materials, which also provides some meaningful guidance for studying the adsorption mechanisms between porous materials and environmental pollutants.

具有高比表面积、丰富官能团、可及孔结构、可调孔径及易于改性特性的先进多孔纳米材料，如金属有机框架（metal-organic frameworks, MOFs）、共价有机框架（covalent organic frameworks, COFs）与多孔芳香框架（porous aromatic frameworks, PAFs），作为吸附剂在捕获水溶液中的有毒重金属离子、有机污染物及放射性核素方面极具应用潜力。本综述首先全面介绍了MOFs、COFs及PAFs的优异特性，以凸显其作为吸附剂的核心优势；随后总结了上述三类材料作为高性能吸附剂用于高效去除环境污染物的最新研究进展；此外还探讨了环境条件的影响，以及污染物与先进多孔纳米材料之间的相互作用机制；最后综述了先进多孔纳米材料在环境污染治理中的应用场景与良好发展前景。本综述可为先进多孔材料的设计与制备提供有益借鉴，同时也为研究多孔材料与环境污染物之间的吸附机制提供了具有指导意义的思路。