Results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products - North Macedonia

This dataset contains the monitoring results of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances measured in live animals and animal products analysed by the national competent authority of North Macedonia. The presence of unauthorised substances, residues of veterinary medicinal products in food may pose a risk factor for public health. For this reason and in order to ensure a high level of consumer protection, a comprehensive legislative framework has been established in the European Union (EU) which defines maximum limits permitted in food and monitoring programmes for the control of the presence of these substances in the food chain. Regulation (EU) No 37/2010 establishes maximum limits for residues of veterinary medicinal products in food-producing animals and animal products. Maximum residue levels for pesticides in or on food and feed of plant and animal origin are laid down in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1646 lays down practical arrangements for and specific content of official controls of the use of veterinary medicinal products in live animals and products of animal origin through three different official national control plans: a national risk-based control plan for production in the Member States, a national randomised surveillance plan for production in the Member States and a national risk-based control plan for third-country imports. Additionally, Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/1644 lays down the range of samples and stage of production, processing and distribution at which the samples are to be taken. Since 2018 until 2022, the data on the national residue monitoring plan were reported to EFSA in accordance with Council Directive 96/23/EC. The chemical monitoring data collected and published by EFSA include the analytical results provided by EU Member States and three pre-accession countries: Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia. The dataset contains the results of laboratory tests from samples taken from bovines, pigs, sheep, goats, horses, poultry, rabbits, farmed game, wild game aquaculture, milk, eggs and honey, and from 2023 also samples from casings, insects and reptiles. Targeted samples are taken with the aim of detecting illegal treatment or controlling compliance with the maximum levels laid down in the relevant legislation. This means that, in their national plans Member States target the groups of animals (species, gender, age) where the probability of finding residues is the highest. Conversely, the objective of random sampling is to collect significant data to evaluate, for example, consumer exposure to a specific substance. Suspect samples are taken as a consequence of i) non-compliant results on samples taken in accordance with the control plans, ii) possession or presence of prohibited substances at any point during manufacture, storage, distribution or sale through the food and feed production chain, or iii) suspicion or evidence of illegal treatment or non-compliance with the withdrawal period for an authorised medicinal veterinary product. Residues of pharmacologically active substances mean active substances, excipients or degradation products and their metabolites, which remain in food. Unauthorised substances mean substances that are not authorised as veterinary medicinal products or as a feed additive under European Union legislation. Prohibited substances mean substances which are prohibited for use in food producing animals according to the European Union legislation. Non-compliant sample is a sample that has been analysed for the presence of one or more substances and failed to comply with the legal provisions for at least one substance. Thus, a sample can be non-compliant for one or more substances. REPORTING AUTHORITIES CONTRIBUTING TO EACH DATA COLLECTION: VMPR_2023 – Food and Veterinary Agency VMPR_2024 – Food and Veterinary Agency VMPR_2022 – Food and Veterinary Agency VMPR_2021 – Food and Veterinary Agency VMPR_2020 – Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Skopje VMPR_2019 – Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Skopje VMPR_2018 – Food and Veterinary Agency VMPR_2017 – Food and Veterinary Agency本数据集收录北马其顿国家主管当局对活体动物及动物产品开展检测所得的兽药残留及其他物质监测结果。未经批准的物质、食品中兽药残留可能对公众健康构成风险因素。 为此并为保障高水平的消费者保护，欧盟（EU）建立了完善的立法框架，明确了食品中允许的最大残留限值以及用于管控食物链中此类物质的监测方案。（欧盟）第37/2010号条例确立了食用动物及动物产品中兽药残留的最大残留限值。针对植物源和动物源食品及饲料中的农药最大残留水平，则由（EC）第396/2005号条例予以规定。欧盟委员会实施条例（EU）2022/1646规定了通过三项不同的官方国家管控计划，对活体动物及动物产品中兽药使用开展官方管控的实操安排与具体内容：针对成员国境内生产的基于风险的国家管控计划、针对成员国境内生产的随机国家监测计划，以及针对第三国进口产品的基于风险的国家管控计划。此外，欧盟委员会委托条例（EU）2022/1644规定了抽样范围以及抽样的生产、加工和分销阶段。 2018年至2022年间，相关国家残留监测计划数据依据欧盟理事会96/23/EC号指令报送至欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）。 欧洲食品安全局收集并发布的化学监测数据，包含欧盟成员国以及波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、黑山、北马其顿、塞尔维亚这三个入盟候选国提交的分析结果。 本数据集涵盖从牛、猪、绵羊、山羊、马、家禽、兔、养殖野味、野生水产、奶类、蛋类及蜂蜜中采集样本的实验室检测结果，自2023年起还新增了肠衣、昆虫及爬行动物来源的样本。 针对性采样的目的是检测非法用药行为，或管控是否符合相关立法规定的最大残留限值。这意味着各成员国在本国计划中，会将采样重点放在最有可能检出残留的动物类别（物种、性别、年龄）上。与之相对，随机采样的目标是收集具有代表性的数据，以评估消费者对特定物质的暴露情况等。 可疑样本的触发情形包括：i）依据管控计划采集的样本检测结果不合格；ii）在食品及饲料生产链的制造、储存、分销或销售任一环节中，拥有或检出禁用物质；iii）存在非法用药或未遵守获批兽药休药期的嫌疑或证据。 药理活性物质残留指残留在食品中的活性物质、赋形剂、降解产物及其代谢物。 未经批准的物质指依据欧盟立法未被批准作为兽药或饲料添加剂的物质。 禁用物质指依据欧盟立法，禁止用于食用动物生产的物质。 不合格样本指针对一种或多种物质开展检测后，至少有一种物质不符合法律规定的样本。因此，一份样本可能因一种或多种物质而被判定为不合格。 各数据采集项目的报送机构： VMPR_2023 – 食品与兽医局 VMPR_2024 – 食品与兽医局 VMPR_2022 – 食品与兽医局 VMPR_2021 – 食品与兽医局 VMPR_2020 – 斯科普里兽医学院 VMPR_2019 – 斯科普里兽医学院 VMPR_2018 – 食品与兽医局 VMPR_2017 – 食品与兽医局