Classification of the reports and publications related.xlsx

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue impacting environmental, animal, and human health. The presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) has been increasingly reported in humans, the environment, and wild animals. This study aimed to analyze and compare AMR occurrence in bacterial isolates from wild animals in South American environments with low and high anthropogenic impact through a systematic review. While several studies were identified, half of the included countries had no reports. Most studies focused on the Aves and Mammalia classes, particularly the Chiroptera and Rodentia orders, and <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> bacterial species. Subgroup meta-analyses revealed that, for most antimicrobials, a higher proportion of AMR was found in environments with high anthropogenic impact or no significant difference. Surprisingly, some beta-lactams showed a higher proportion of AMR in environments with low anthropogenic impact. This finding raises questions about the origin and spread of AMR in wild animals and highlights the need for further studies to understand the dynamics of AMR in environments with different levels of human intervention.

抗菌素耐药性（Antimicrobial resistance, AMR）是一项波及环境、动物与人类健康的全球性公共卫生议题。当前，在人类活动区域、自然环境及野生动物体内，抗菌素耐药菌（antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, ARB）与抗菌素耐药基因（antimicrobial resistance genes, ARG）的检出报道愈发频繁。本研究旨在通过系统综述，分析并比较南美环境中受人为影响程度高低不同的两类生境下，野生动物分离菌株的抗菌素耐药性发生情况。尽管已检索到多项相关研究，但纳入研究覆盖的国家中，有半数未报告相关研究数据。现有研究多聚焦于鸟纲（Aves）与哺乳纲（Mammalia）类群，尤其以翼手目（Chiroptera）、啮齿目（Rodentia）物种及大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）、肠炎沙门氏菌（Salmonella enterica）为主要研究对象。亚组荟萃分析结果显示，对于多数抗菌药物而言，高人为影响生境中的抗菌素耐药性检出率更高，或两类生境无显著差异。令人意外的是，部分β-内酰胺类抗生素（beta-lactams）在低人为影响生境中却呈现出更高的抗菌素耐药性检出率。这一发现为野生动物体内抗菌素耐药性的起源与传播机制带来了新的研究疑问，同时也凸显了开展更多相关研究以阐明不同人类干预程度下生境中抗菌素耐药性动态变化规律的必要性。