Industrial-Scale Bioconversion of Three-Phase Residue by Musca domestica Larvae: Dynamics of Gut Microbiota and Their Ecological Driver

Musca domestica larvae proved to be highly efficient bioconverters for transforming organic waste into valuable protein and fertilizer products. In this study, we examined the developmental dynamics of gut microbiota in industrially reared M. domestica larvae. Our results demonstrated that the larval gut microbiome underwent substantial restructuring throughout development: Ignatzschineria dominated as the primary symbiotic bacterium during early stages, while lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and functionally specialized microbes involved in nutrient assimilation became predominant in later phases. Microbial transmission analysis revealed that despite considerable environmental microbial acquisition during growth, the core microbiota was principally derived through vertical inheritance from the larvae themselves, with secondary contributions from feed sources. These discoveries provided crucial scientific guidance for enhancing industrial insect production systems via precision microbiome modulation approaches.

家蝇（Musca domestica）幼虫被证实为可将有机废弃物转化为高价值蛋白与肥料产品的高效生物转化剂。本研究针对工业化饲养的家蝇幼虫肠道微生物组的发育动态开展了探究。研究结果显示，幼虫肠道微生物组在整个发育过程中发生了显著的结构重塑：早期阶段以伊茨舍氏菌属（Ignatzschineria）为主要共生菌，而后期则以乳酸菌（lactic acid bacteria, LAB）及参与营养同化的功能特化微生物占据主导地位。微生物传播分析表明，尽管幼虫在生长过程中会从环境中获取大量微生物，但其核心菌群主要源自幼虫自身的垂直遗传，饲料来源仅起到次要的补充作用。上述发现为通过精准微生物组调控手段优化工业化昆虫养殖系统提供了重要的科学指导。